Vpliv psihoaktivnih substanc na delovanje spomina pri pričanju

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Povzetek

Tekom diplomske naloge se soočamo s problematiko vpliva psihoaktivnih substanc na delovanje spomina pri pričah. Ker so izjave prič eden izmed najbolj pomembnih dokaznih gradiv v kazenskih postopkih, lahko priče pod vplivom psihoaktivnih substanc reševanje primerov precej otežijo. Opite ali drogirane priče se navadno pred sodiščem izkažejo za veliko bolj nezanesljive kot trezne priče, običajno pa količina zaužite substance dejansko ni relevantna. Pravilnost in resničnost podanih informacij sta za preiskovalce ključni, saj izjave prič močno vplivajo na usodo vpletenih v kazenske primere, zato se je potrebno izogniti napakam, ki privedejo do morebitnih napačnih obtožb. Osredotočili smo se na to, kako različne vrste psihoaktivnih substanc, kot so depresorji, stimulansi, opioidi, psihedeliki in kanabinoidi, vplivajo na zanesljivost in natančnost pričevanj v pravnem kontekstu. V diplomskem delu podrobno preučimo vso literaturo tega področja, z namenom ugotoviti, kako te substance vplivajo na kratkoročni in dolgoročni spomin ter kako lahko izkrivljajo zaznavanje in priklic dogodkov. Sprva se posvetimo dejanskemu delovanju spomina in razdelimo psihoaktivne substance na pet osnovnih skupin glede na njihove učinke na človeško telo. Kasneje se osredotočimo na njihove učinke na delovanje možganov in v nadaljevanju raziščemo, s katerimi težavami se pravosodni sistem sooča pri obravnavi prič, ki so bile v času kaznivega dejanja pod vplivom psihoaktivnih substanc. V delu zajamemo različne študije, ki temeljijo na preučevanju učinkov različnih substanc na človeško telo in njihovega vpliva na odločitve sodnikov in porote. Postopki za obravnavo alkoholiziranih ali drogiranih prič v večini držav niso standardizirani, zato se pojavlja vedno več vprašanj glede obravnave tovrstnih prič in postopanja v omenjenih primerih. V sklepu diplomskega dela se zato osredotočimo na smernice za boljšo in pravičnejšo obravnavo takšnih primerov. Naloga tako prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju te kompleksne teme in spodbuja k izboljšanju postopkov za obravnavo prič pod vplivom psihoaktivnih substanc.

Ključne besede

psihoaktivne substance;spomin;pričanja;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2024
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[J. Oman]
UDK:	613.8:347.943(043.2)
COBISS:	208294147
Št. ogledov:	0
Št. prenosov:	0
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The influence of psychoactive substances on memory during testimony
Sekundarni povzetek:	In the course of the thesis, we are confronted with the issue of the impact of psychoactive substances on the memory function of witnesses. As witness statements are one of the most important pieces of evidence in criminal proceedings, witnesses under the influence of psychoactive substances can make solving cases much more difficult. Drunk or drugged witnesses usually prove much more unreliable in court than sober witnesses, and the amount of substance ingested is usually irrelevant. The accuracy and truthfulness of the information provided is crucial for investigators, as witness statements have a major impact on the fate of those involved in criminal cases, and it is therefore important to avoid possible mistakes that could lead to false accusations. We have focused on how different types of psychoactive substances such as depressants, stimulants, opioids, psychedelics and cannabinoids affect the reliability and accuracy of testimony in a legal context. In this thesis, we carefully review all the literature in this field in order to determine how these substances affect short- and long-term memory and how they can distort perception and recall of events. We start by looking at how memory actually works, dividing psychoactive substances into five basic groups according to their effects on the human body. Later, we focus on their effects on brain function and then explore the difficulties faced by the justice system in dealing with witnesses who were under the influence of psychoactive substances at the time of the crime. In this work, we cover various studies based on the effects of different substances on the human body and their influence on the decisions of judges and juries. The procedures for dealing with alcoholic or drugged witnesses are not standardised in most countries, which raises more and more questions about the treatment of such witnesses and how to proceed in such cases. In the conclusion of this thesis, we therefore focus on guidelines for a better and fairer treatment of such cases. The thesis contributes to a better understanding of this complex topic and encourages the improvement of procedures for dealing with witnesses under the influence of psychoactive substances.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VII f., [41] str.
ID:	25086699