Kriminaliteta, povezana s kulturno dediščino

Viktorija Zupančič (Author), Bojan Dobovšek (Author)

Abstract

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je analizirati obstoj kriminalitete, povezane s kulturno dediščino v svetu, ter ugotoviti, ali je ta v porastu ali nazadovanju. S pomočjo vodenih intervjujev s strokovnjaki s tovrstnega področja smo želeli opredeliti smernice za boj proti tej obliki kriminalitete. Metode: Uporabili smo pregled literature in metodo strukturiranega poglobljenega intervjuja. Ugotovitve: Veljavna zakonodaja s področja varovanja kulturne dediščine ter boja proti dotični obliki kriminalitete je ustrezna in primerna. Problem predstavlja predvsem uveljavljanje in izvrševanje tovrstnih zakonskih določil in izvajanje sankcij v praksi. Celoten potek od pridobitve do prodaje predmeta kulturne dediščine je dobro organiziran: plenjenje arheoloških najdišč s strani lokalnih plenilcev, prodaja lokalnemu preprodajalcu, ki uredi prevoz izropanih kulturnih dobrin na mednarodni trg. Predmet pride v ciljno državo, kjer je opran ter kot antikviteta brez ali z neznanim poreklom anonimno prodan najboljšemu ponudniku. Analiza intervjujev s strokovnjaki je pokazala resnično problematiko prepovedanega trgovanja s predmeti kulturne dediščine. Zbiralci in določeni muzeji na mednarodnem ilegalnem trgu postavijo povpraševanje po predmetih iz določenega zgodovinskega obdobja ali iz določene kulture. S tem sprožijo celotni krog organiziranega plenjenja, tihotapljenja ter končne pridobitve predmeta. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Prispevek predstavlja pilotsko raziskavo z omejenim številom intervjujev z izbranimi strokovnjaki, ki pa je dobra osnova za nadaljnje raziskovanje in oblikovanje strategij preprečevanja kriminalitete v zvezi s kulturno dediščino. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Slovenska strokovna literatura s področja kriminalitete zoper kulturno dediščino je dokaj redka. Članek prinaša vpogled v problematiko ter izzive za nadaljnje raziskovanje.

Keywords

kulturna dediščina;kriminaliteta;črni trg;umetnine;plenjenje;ilegalno trgovanje;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2019
Typology:	1.03 - Short Scientific Article
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
UDC:	343.3/.7:719
COBISS:	4834248
ISSN:	1580-0253
Parent publication:	Varstvoslovje
Views:	551
Downloads:	51
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Cultural Heritage Criminality
Secondary abstract:	Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to explore the existence of cultural heritage criminality in the world and determine whether it is rising or declining. With the guided, in-depth interviews with experts in this field, we attempted to develop guidelines for fighting such criminality. Design/Methods/Approach: The paper is based on literature review and on in-depth interviews with experts on cultural heritage. Findings: The current legislation, pertaining to the protection of cultural heritage and the fight against cultural heritage criminality is adequate. However, the implementation of such legislation and resulting sanctions is problematic. The process of obtaining and selling an object of cultural heritage is very well organised. Local predators loot archaeological sites and sell the objects to local antiquities dealers, who then organise the way of the cultural assets on the international market. When the object reaches the country of destination, its origin has already been vanished and it can be anonymously sold to the highest bidder. The analysis of the interviews additionally reveals the extent of the issue of illicit trafficking of cultural heritage. Collectors and certain museums create demand in the international illegal market for objects from a certain culture or period in history. As a result, they start the circle of organised looting and smuggling to finally acquisition of the cultural items. Research Limitations / Implications: Article is a pilot study with limited number of interviews with experts on cultural heritage. The paper is good steppingstone for the further research on cultural heritage criminality and it is a good source for designing the strategies for cultural heritage criminality prevention. Originality/Value: The Slovenian literature dedicated to the cultural heritage criminality remains barely sufficient. This paper provides the insight into the problem of cultural heritage criminality and poses the challenge for future research work.
Secondary keywords:	cultural heritage criminality;looting;illicit trafficking of cultural heritage;black market;art;
Type (COBISS):	Scientific work
Pages:	str. 39-53
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ21
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology:	2019
ID:	11502251