Kritičen razmislek o Reidovi zasliševalski tehniki

Igor Areh (Author)

Abstract

Namen prispevka: Avtor želi opozoriti na vzpostavitev kritične distance do zasliševalskih tehnik, ki prihajajo predvsem iz ZDA. Ker je forenzična psihologija v Sloveniji slabo razvita, se tuje znanje s tega področja pogosto prenaša v naše okolje prenagljeno in brez poglobljenih strokovnih analiz, uporabniki tako prenesenega znanja pa so pogosto zavedeni. Ugotovitve: Zaradi razlik v zakonodaji Slovenije in ZDA se prisilne zasliševalske tehnike, kot je na primer Reidova, pri nas ne uporabljajo. Kljub temu pa lahko opazimo, da kar nekaj znanja kriminalistov izhaja iz zasliševalskih priročnikov, za katere velja, da so predvsem zbirke subjektivnih izkušenj avtorjev. Ti svoje priročnike agresivno tržijo in jih zavajajoče predstavljajo kot znanstveno utemeljene tehnike. Resnica je drugačna: priročniki temeljijo na nepreverjenih domnevah in na dvomljivih raziskovalnih ugotovitvah, obenem pa avtorji izkazujejo očitno nepoznavanje osnovnih psiholoških in metodoloških znanj. Praktična uporabnost: V prispevku so predstavljene glavne kritike tipičnega predstavnika prisilnih zasliševalskih tehnik – Reidove tehnike. Raziskave zadnjih desetletij kažejo, da je uporaba takšnih tehnik neupravičena, saj znanost njihovih ugotovitev ne potrjuje, ali pa jim celo nasprotuje. Pri preiskovalcih, ki so pod vplivom priročnikov, se pojavljata napihovanje samozavesti in neučinkovitost prepoznavanja zavajanja, hkrati pa se poveča tveganje za pojav izsiljenega priznanja. Zaradi naštetega bi bilo dobro, da se v praksi preneha z uporabo priročnikov. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Današnja znanstvena dognanja in sodobni standardi varovanja človekovih pravic zavračajo uporabo Reidove tehnike, zato bi bilo treba tudi v slovenski preiskovalni praksi čim prej prevzeti in prilagoditi sodobne modele preiskovalnega intervjuvanja.

Keywords

zasliševanje;Reidova tehnika;kritična analiza;psevdoznanost;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2013
Typology:	1.04 - Professional Article
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
UDC:	159.9:340.6
COBISS:	2653674
ISSN:	1580-0253
Parent publication:	Varstvoslovje
Views:	526
Downloads:	34
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	A critical review of Reid's interrogation technique
Secondary abstract:	Purpose: In Slovenia, forensic psychology is not a developed science and that may be one of the main reasons why coercive interrogation techniques are recklessly driven into a criminal investigation practice. The purpose of the paper is to critically evaluate Reid's interrogation technique in the context of forensic psychology. Findings: Coercive interrogation techniques like Reid’s are not used in Slovenia due to legislation limitations, which in comparison with the USA essentially restrict psychological manipulation with a suspect. Nevertheless an important share of interrogation knowledge of criminal investigators comes from commercial interrogation manuals, which are scientifically recognised as subjective and as common sense knowledge based on personal experiences of their authors. Interrogation manuals are misleadingly presented as scientific work, although they are founded on mostly unconfirmed assumptions and dubious research results, besides authors show obvious lack of elementary psychological and methodological knowledge. Practical implications: The main critiques of Reid's technique, which is the most noticeable representative of coercive interrogation techniques, are presented. Research done in the past decades shows that there is no scientific justification for applying such an interrogation technique. Results published in peer reviewed papers do not confirm assumptions and in some instances even disapprove claims which are presented in manuals. Criminal investigators who are using such knowledge have tendency to be over-confident and inefficient in recognition of deception, there is also a higher probability to extract a false confession during their work. Because of that it would be appropriate to stop using interrogation manuals of that kind. Originality/Value: On the base of today's scientific knowledge available and considering contemporary human rights standards, the use of Reid's interrogation technique (or even parts of it) is not justified. In Slovenia such an interrogation practises they should be completely rejected and new contemporary interrogation models of investigative interview should be considered.
Secondary keywords:	interrogation;Reid's technique;critical analyses;pseudoscience;
Type (COBISS):	Professional work
Pages:	str. 398-407
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ15
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ3
Chronology:	2013
ID:	11564832