Scharffova tehnika zasliševanja

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Jerneja Borštnar (Avtor), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomskem delu so predstavljene tehnike zasliševanja, s poudarkom na Scharffovi zasliševalski tehniki. Izbrano Scharffovo tehniko skušamo primerjati z ostalimi tehnikami in opredeliti prednosti in slabosti le-te. Predstavljene so zasliševalske tehnike na splošno, problem prisilnih zaslišanj ter vzroki in morebitne posledice. Opisani so tudi zgodovina zasliševalskih tehnik, kako in kdaj so se le-te spreminjale. V drugem poglavju je govora predvsem o etičnosti zasliševanja, kaj bi bilo treba narediti, da bi bilo zaslišanje učinkovitejše. V tretjem poglavju so predstavljene vrste zasliševalskih tehnik (Reidova tehnika, modela ACID in PEACE, preiskovalni intervju za ugotavljanje spolnih zlorab otrok, zasliševanje s pomočjo hipnoze), ki pa so med seboj različne. V današnjem svetu se vsakodnevno srečujemo z novicami o hudih kaznivih dejanjih, ki pa niso razjasnjena, kdo je kaj storil, kdo je storilec in kdo ne. Strokovnjaki si za odkritje storilca pomagajo s številnimi tehnikami zasliševanja, a le-te niso vedno prave in primerne za odkritje resnice in storilca. V delu je podrobneje predstavljena Scharffova zasliševalska tehnika, ki je ime dobila po Hannsu Joachimu Gottlobu Scharffu, uspešnem zasliševalcu v času druge svetovne vojne. Njegova tehnika zasliševanja je bila ena redkih v tistem času, ki ni temeljila na psihični in fizični prisilili zaslišancev, da priznajo dejanje, a je bila kljub temu zelo učinkovita (Granhag, Kleinman in Oleszkiewicz, 2014). Scharffova tehnika, ki je bila namenjena zasliševanju ujetih vojnih pilotov, je temeljila predvsem na prijateljskem in gostoljubnem odnosu do zaslišancev (Toliver, 1997). Scharff je do odgovorov prišel s pripovedovanjem zgodb oz. dogajanja in občasno, ko se je ponudila priložnost, povprašal za dodatna pojasnila, tako da je sogovornik skoraj nevede priznal dejanje. Nikoli ni postavljal neposrednih vprašanj in izvrševal kakršnegakoli pritiska nad zaslišanci. Dajal je vtis, da pozna celotno situacijo in dogodke, kar je pri ujetnikih dajalo občutek, da tudi če kaj povedo, ne bodo povedali nič novega in neznanega (Granhag, Oleszkiewicz, Sakrisvold in Kleinman, 2019). Tako je Scharff postal eden uspešnejših zasliševalcev tistega časa. Njegova tehnika je bila po količini pridobljenih podatkov boljša od ostalih takratnih tehnik zasliševanja, pridobilo se je več informacij in pustilo manj negativnega priokusa pri zaslišanih vojnih ujetnikih (Oleszkiewicz, Granhag in Montecinos, 2014). Naredil je velik korak naprej, saj je bila njegova tehnika povsem drugačna, kot so jih bili vajeni pred tem. Zdi se, kot da Scharffova tehnika predstavlja nekakšno prelomno obdobje tehnikam zasliševanja, saj so se na podlagi le-te kasneje razvijale sodobnejše zasliševalne tehnike.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;zasliševalska tehnika;Hanns-Joachim Gottlob Scharff;druga svetovna vojna;nenasilje;drugačnost;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[J. Borštnar]
UDK:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	63863811
Št. ogledov:	494
Št. prenosov:	67
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Scharff´s interrogation technique
Sekundarni povzetek:	The purpose of this diploma is to present interrogation techniques, with special emphasis on Scharff's interrogation technique. Chosen Scharff's technique I will try to compare with other techniques to show it's advantages and disadvantages. First I will present interrogation techniques as such. In a short way I will present the problem of forceful interrogations, it's causes and potential consequences. Next I'll describe the history of interrogation techniques to show how and when they were changing. In the second chapter main focus will be on talking about ethics of the interrogation and how to make the whole process more successful. Third chapter will consist the describtions of different interrogation techniques (Reid's technique, ACID and PEACE models, research interview to help discover sexual assaults on children, interrogation with the help of hypnosis), how they are different from each other. In today's world we each day meet news of severe criminal offences, in which there are no reveals what the act was, who did them and who didn't. In search for the suspect experts help themselves with various interrogation techniques, although those are not always correct or suitable to discover the truth and who the suspect is. I will present in detail Scharff's technique, which was named after Hanns-Joachim Gottlieb Scharff, successful interrogator from Second World War. His technique was one of very few from that time, which didn't base on any psychological or physical coercion of the suspects to admit the accusation, but was still very efficient (Granhag, Kleinman in Oleszkiewicz, 2014). Scharff's technique, which was meant for interrogation of caught war pilots, was based mainly on friendly and hospitalible relation to interrogators (Toliver, 1997). Scharff got his answers by telling stories or describing current situation, while in certain situations, when chance presented itself, asked for additional explanations, by which the interrogated person admitted to their wrong doing without even knowing about it most of the time. He never asked direct questions or was putting interrogated person under any kind of pressure. He was giving the impression that he is familiar with the situation and it's events, which always gave the interrogated person the feeling, that even if they say anything, they won't ever say anything that is unknown or new (Granhag, Oleszkiewicz, Sakrisvold in Kleinman, 2019). This is how has Scharff became one of the most successful interrogators of his time. His technicque was by the amount of information gained better than other interrogation techniques of that time, as more information was gained and less bitter after taste was left with interrogated war prisoners (Oleszkiewicz, Granhag in Montecinos, 2014). A big step forward was made, as his technique was way different to the others, that people were used to at that time. It seems that Scharff's technique presents somewhat breakthrough in interrogation techniques, as other more modern techniques developed from it.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	interrogation technique;Hanns-Joachim Gottlob Scharff;Second World War;non violence;difference.;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VII, 41 str.
ID:	12915386