Splošna podhladitev in prva pomoč

diplomsko delo

Brigita Kužner (Author), Nina Hiti (Reviewer), Damjan Slabe (Mentor), Eva Dolenc (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Športne dejavnosti v naravi vse bolj postajajo del vsakdanjika, bodisi kot sprostitev ali trening. Splošna podhladitev in omrzline sta tveganji, ki lahko privedeta celo do smrti. Poznavanje prve pomoči je zato v takšnih primerih zelo pomembno. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti osnove patofiziološkega dogajanja, dejavnike tveganja in ukrepe prve pomoči pri splošni podhladitvi. Metode dela: Pregledali smo strokovno literaturo o hipotermiji v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Uporabili smo literaturo, od leta 2008 do 2019. Gradivo starejše od 10 let, smo uporabili zgolj za oris zgodovine prve pomoči pri podhladitvah. Literaturo smo iskali preko spleta po podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed in ScienceDirect ter s pomočjo bibliografske baze COBISS. Rezultati: Do splošne podhladitve lahko pride v vsakem letnem času, pogosteje pa v zimskih mesecih. Bolj izpostavljene so osebe, ki so poškodovane, v šoku ali pod vplivom opojnih substanc. Telo z obrambnimi mehanizmi, kot sta drgetanje in vazokonstrikcija, skuša obdržati čim več toplote. Prva pomoč v primeru hipotermije se prične na terenu z zaščito pred mrazom, s spodbujanjem gibanja in pitjem vročih brezalkoholnih napitkov. Velja pravilo, da noben podhlajeni ni mrtev, dokler ni ogret in mrtev. Razprava in zaključek: Pohodništvo, planinarjenje, alpinizem in športno plezanje so dejavnosti, s katerimi se ukvarja vse več ljudi, vseh starosti. S tem pa je tudi možnost za poškodbe vse večja. Med poškodbe zaradi mraza spada tudi splošna podhladitev, ki je aktualna v vseh letnih časih in se lahko konča s smrtjo. Obiskovalci gora, se morajo zavedati posledic, ki jih nepredvidljive vremenske razmere lahko prinesejo. Zato je zelo pomembno znanje o pravilni obutvi, obleki, prehrani in prvi pomoči pri športnih dejavnostih. Zaradi razvoja opreme, tehnike gibanja in načinov prve pomoči je pomembno konstantno spremljanje novitet v izbranem športu. Ključno vlogo ozaveščanja o tej problematiki imajo planinska društva in šole alpinizma. Redno obnavljanje znanja in učenje ter postopno usvajanje športa so pomembna vodila za varnost. Najpomembnejše zdravljenje pri splošni podhladitvi pa je preventiva in dejanska uporaba naučenega v praksi, preden do splošne podhladitve sploh pride.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;prva pomoč;preventivni ukrepi;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[B. Kužner]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	17667843
Views:	781
Downloads:	205
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	General hypothermia and first aid
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Sports activities in nature are increasingly becoming part of everyday life, whether as relaxation or training. General colds and frostbite are risks that can even lead to death. Knowledge of first aid is therefore very important in such cases. The purpose of this diploma work is to present the basics of pathophysiological events, risk factors and first aid measures for general subcooling. Methods of work: We have reviewed the literature on hypothermia in English and Slovenian. We used the literature from 2008 to 2019. We used material older than 10 years only to outline the history of first aid in subcooling. We searched the literature online for the CINAHL, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and the COBISS bibliographic database. Results: General subcooling can occur at any time of the year, and more often during the winter months. People who are injured, in shock or under the influence of alcohol and drugs are more exposed. A body with defense mechanisms such as shaking and vasoconstriction seeks to retain as much heat as possible. First aid in case of hypothermia begins in the field with protection from the cold, promoting movement and drinking hot tea after a sip. The rule is that no sub-cooler is dead until it is warm and dead. Discussion and conclusion: Hiking, mountaineering, alpinism and climbing are activities that are being pursued by more and more people of all ages. This also increases the possibility of injuries. Cold damage also includes general subcooling, which is current in all seasons and can lead to death. Visitors to the mountains should be aware of the consequences that unpredictable weather can bring. Therefore, knowledge of proper footwear, clothing, nutrition and first aid in sports activities is very important. Due to the development of equipment, movement techniques and first aid methods, it is important to constantly monitor the latest developments in the chosen sport. Mountain associations and mountaineering schools play a key role in raising awareness of this issue. Regular knowledge renewal and learning and the gradual adoption of sports are important safety guidelines. The most important treatment in general subcooling, however, is the prevention and actual application of what has been learned in practice before general subcooling occurs.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;first aid;prevention measures;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	26 str.
ID:	11774521