Modificirane dendritične celice kot cepivo proti raku

diplomsko delo

Tjaša Pungert (Author), Mojca Narat (Mentor), Mojca Narat (Thesis defence commission member), Jana Murovec (Thesis defence commission member), Jernej Ogorevc (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

Dendritične celice so pogosto imenovane glavne antigen-predstavitvene celice in so ključne za pravilno delovanje imunskega sistema v človeškem telesu. Razvoj rakavega obolenja običajno vodi v zaviranje delovanja bolnikovih dendritičnih celic. Modifikacija dendritičnih celic v pogojih ex vivo pa omogoča ohranitev njihovega delovanja in ob oblikovanju celic v cepivo tudi enostavno odmerjanje pacientu. Modifikacija dendritičnih celic obsega obleganje primernega antigena, dozorevanje dendritičnih celic in predstavljanje vnesenega antigena, kar dodatno izboljša njihovo učinkovitost. Zrele dendritične celice je potrebno oblikovati v cepivo, pri čemer je potrebno upoštevati mesto in način odmerjanja cepiva, razmisliti o velikosti odmerka ter morebitnem dodatku adjuvansa. Na uspeh modifikacije vplivajo številni dejavniki, med drugimi podtip uporabljenih dendritičnih celic, izvor izbranega antigena, njegova količina ter izbira adjuvansa. Na uspeh cepiva vpliva stopnja razvoja rakavega obolenja, velikost odmerka, urnik cepljenja, način odmerjanja cepiva ter splošno imunološko stanje pacienta. Obstaja veliko pristopov modifikacije dendritičnih celic ex vivo, a trenutno še ni znano, kateri je najučinkovitejši. Vnos modificiranih dendritičnih celic bi v idealnih pogojih rezultiral v uspešni migraciji modificiranih dendritičnih celic v limfatična tkiva, močni aktivaciji naivnih celic T ter močnem in specifičnem imunskem odzivu proti rakavim celicam. Zaželen je tudi nastanek spominskih celic, ki bi bolnika ščitile pred ponovnim pojavom rakavega obolenja. Trenutno obstaja več cepiv na podlagi ex vivo modificiranih celic, ki so dovoljena za uporabo v proti-rakavi terapiji.

Keywords

dendritične celice;modifikacija;cepivo;rak;adjuvans;terapija;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[T. Pungert]
UDC:	602:57.083.3:577.27:606:616-006.6(043.2)
COBISS:	27493123
Views:	611
Downloads:	106
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Modified dendritic cells as cancer vaccine
Secondary abstract:	Dendritic cells are often called professional antigen presenting cells and are crucial for human immune system. The development of cancer usually causes immunosuppression of dendritic cells. But modification of dendritic cells in ex vivo conditions allows them to keep their function and formation into a vaccine makes their application to a patient easily realisable. Modification of dendritic cells includes loading them with a suitable antigen and fallowed up maturation to further improve their function. Mature dendritic cells need to be formulated into a vaccine. At this stage the site of application, dose volume and the need for an adjuvant need to be considered. The success of maturation depends on numerous factors, including the used dendritic cell subtype, cancer progression, antigen used, the quantity of antigen, adjuvant used, dose volume, vaccination schedule, route of administration and overall patients’ immune condition. There are many approaches to dendritic cell modification, but it is not clear which one results in highest efficiency. The use of modified dendritic cells would ideally result in successful migration to lymph nodes, strong T cell activation and strong and selective immune response against cancer cells. The emergence of memory T cells is also desirable to protect the patient from disease relapse. Currently there are few vaccines based on ex vivo modified dendritic cells approved for use in cancer immunotherapy.
Secondary keywords:	dendritic cells;modification;vaccine;cancer;adjuvant;therapy;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages:	VI, 21 str.
ID:	12006074