diplomsko delo
Neža Kapelj (Author), Jernej Jakše (Mentor)

Abstract

Zdravilne rastline se v terapevtske namene uporabljajo že tisočletja. Z naraščanjem potrebe po večji raznolikosti in količini zdravilnih učinkovin, se na področju žlahtnjenja uporabljajo nove tehnike, ki vključujejo hitrejše postopke biotehnologije in genetike za podporo teh visoko uporabnih rastlin. Za načrtovanje učinkovitega programa vzreje novih in raznolikih zdravilnih rastlin je pomembna ocena genetske raznolikosti. Tako nam hitre in učinkovite metode, kot so DNA mikromreže, RNA sekvenciranje in črtno kodiranje DNA, omogočajo prepoznavanje ter odkrivanje genov za izboljšanje metabolnih poti. Po prepoznavi in klasifikaciji genov pa lahko z različnimi metodami tarčno vplivamo na željene gene in s tem povečamo produkcijo sekundarnih metabolitov ali pa povzročimo spremembo njihovega kemijskega profila. To dosežemo z optimizacijo medija gojenja rastlinskih tkivnih kultur, dodatki elicitorjev, spremembo jakosti svetlobe, gojenjem v bioreaktorjih, postopki transformacije z Agrobacterium sp., poliploidnim inženiringom ter metodami preurejanja genoma, kot so ZFN, TALEN ter CRISPR/Cas. Zaradi ogrožene rasti zdravilnih rastlin v naravnem okolju pa so za ohranjanje diverzitete genetskega materiala pomembne tudi tehnike krioprezervacije ter enkapsulacije v sintetična semena. V diplomskem delu so predstavljene zgoraj naštete metode, ki prinašajo oz. bodo prinesle izboljšave na področju uporabe cenjenih zdravilnih rastlin.

Keywords

zdravilne rastline;preurejanje genoma;metabolni inženiring;krioprezervacija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [N. Kapelj]
UDC: 606:631.528:633.88(043.2)
COBISS: 59438595 Link will open in a new window
Views: 308
Downloads: 69
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Use of genetics and biotechnology methods to improve the properties of medicinal plants
Secondary abstract: Medicinal plants have been used for therapeutic purposes for thousands of years. However, as the need for their greater diversity and quantity increases, new techniques are being used in the field of breeding, which include faster biotechnology and genetics processes to support these highly useful plants. Genetic diversity assessment is important for planning an effective breeding program for new and diverse medicinal plants. Thus, fast and efficient methods such as DNA microarrays, RNA sequencing, and DNA barcoding allows us to identify and detect genes to improve metabolic pathways. After the identification and classification of genes, we can use methods to target desired genes and thus increase the production of secondary metabolites or cause a change in their chemical profile. This is achieved by optimizing the culture medium of plant tissue cultures, elicitor additives, changing light intensity, cultivation in bioreactors, transformation processes with Agrobacterium sp., polyploid engineering and genome rearrangement methods such as ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas. Due to the endangered growth of medicinal plants in the natural environment, cryopreservation and encapsulation techniques into synthetic seeds are also important for maintaining the diversity of genetic material. The focus of this work is a review of methods presented above, which bring or will bring improvements of prized medicinal plants.
Secondary keywords: medicinal plants;genome editing;metabolic engineering;cryopreservation;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages: VIII, 20 str.
ID: 12615420