Vpliv zahodnjaške prehrane na strukturo in ultrastrukturo celic tankega črevesa miši

magistrsko delo

Nina Lešnik (Author), Saška Lipovšek Delakorda (Mentor), Jurij Dolenšek (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Ustrezen vnos maščob s hrano je pomemben za številne procese, kot sta npr. energetski metabolizem in nadzor telesne mase. Raziskovalci ugotavljajo, da se je v zadnjih letih močno spremenil način prehranjevanja ljudi. Hrana vsebuje vedno več transmaščobnih kislin, nasičenih maščob in holesterola, beljakovin, saharoze ter fruktoze in natrija. Prekomerno uživanje hrane z visoko vsebnostjo naštetih snovi pogosto vodi v debelost, k nastanku inzulinske rezistence, hipertenziji ter povzroča strukturne spremembe tkiv v človeškem organizmu. Z uporabo mišjega modela smo želeli preučiti strukturo enterocitov (absorpcijskih celic) in čašastih celic (mukoznih celic) v tankem črevesu miši po uživanju zahodnjaške prehrane. Mišim C57BL/6J, ki so bile osem tednov hranjene z zahodnjaško prehrano, in kontrolni skupini miši, hranjenih s standardno prehrano, smo izolirali tanko črevo in analizirali njegovo strukturo. Tkivne rezine vzorcev tankega črevesa obeh skupin miši smo pregledali s svetlobno mikroskopijo in transmisijsko elektronsko mikroskopijo. Ugotovili smo, da se struktura absorpcijskih in mukoznih celic v tankem črevesu miši, hranjenih z zahodnjaško prehrano, razlikuje od strukture omenjenih celic pri kontrolni skupini miši. Pri pregledu ultratankih rezin tkiva tankega črevesa miši, hranjenih z zahodnjaško prehrano, smo v citoplazmi celic opazili lipidne kaplje in avtofagne strukture. Druge strukturne značilnosti teh celic so bili še spremenjeni mitohondriji, zrnati endoplazemski retikulum in Golgijev aparat. Prav tako smo pri nekaterih celicah opazili pojav nekroze. V raziskavi smo potrdili prisotnost strukturnih sprememb celic tankega črevesa miši, hranjenih z zahodnjaško prehrano, v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino miši. Menimo, da so za podrobnejši vpogled in razlage potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, s katerimi bi spremembe razložili in identificirali potencialne terapevtske ukrepe.

Keywords

magistrska dela;avtofagija;enterociti;kopičenje lipidov;mukozne celice;tanko črevo;zahodnjaška prehrana;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2021
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher:	[N. Lešnik]
UDC:	591.461:599.323.45(043.2)
COBISS:	66981891
Views:	399
Downloads:	33
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Effect of western diet on the structure and ultrastucture of the cells in small intestine of mice
Secondary abstract:	Proper intake of fats with food serves several important body functions such as energy metabolism and weight control. Researchers have found that the diet of people has changed considerably in recent years. The food contains more and more trans-fatty acids, saturated fats and cholesterol, proteins, sucrose, fructose and sodium. The entry of energy high-content foods often leads to obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and causes structural changes in the tissues of the relevant organs. Using the mouse model, we evaluated the influence of the Western diet on the structure of enterocytes (absorption cells) and goblet cells (mucous cells) in the small intestine. Mice C57BL / 6J that were fed with Western diet for 8 weeks and or control chow were used. We isolated the small intestine from both groups and prepared tissue slices. The tissue slices of the small intestine were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The structure of enterocytes and mucosal cells of the small intestine of mice fed with Western diet differs from the structure of these cells in the control group of mice. When examining the ultrathin slices of the tissue of mice fed with Western diet, we noticed the presence of lipid droplets and autophagic structures. Additionally, we observed mitochondrial alterations, cytoplasm vacuolization, autophagic structures, and modified rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Some cells also appeared necrotic. The study confirmed the presence of structural changes in enterocytes and mucosal cells in the small intestine of mice fed with Western diet compared to the control group. We believe that further research is needed to provide more detailed insight and explanation, especially to clarify the mechanisms effecting the changes and identify potential therapeutic treatments for it.
Secondary keywords:	master theses;autophagy;enterocytes;lipid accumulation;mucous cells;small intestine;Western diet;Prave miši;Način prehranjevanja;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages:	VII, 45 f.
ID:	12829524