magistrsko delo
Katarina Kosmač (Author), Erna Žgur (Mentor)

Abstract

Zaposlovanje je za vsakega posameznika ključnega pomena, saj prinaša finančno neodvisnost, povečuje samostojnost posameznika in sprejetost v družbo. Tega bi morale biti deležne tudi osebe z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju ZMDR), a zaradi trenutne zakonodaje nimajo enakih pravic do zaposlovanja v rednem delovnem okolju. Večina jih je vključena v varstveno delovne centre (v nadaljevanju VDC), kjer opravljajo delo pod posebnimi pogoji, vendar delovnega razmerja ne sklenejo in prejemajo le simbolično plačilo. Nekateri VDC-ji po Sloveniji se trudijo, da bi svojim uporabnikom poiskali integrirano zaposlitev v rednem delovnem okolju, kljub temu da ta ni določena v zakonodaji in je niso dolžni izvajati. Integrirana zaposlitev je za osebe z ZMDR glede na obstoječo zakonodajo najbolj inkluzivno naravnana, saj so osebe vključene v redno delovno okolje in ob ustrezni podpori ter prilagoditvah opravljajo svoje delo. V teoretičnem delu smo v začetku opredelili splošne značilnosti oseb z ZMDR in njihove možnosti za izobraževanje. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili temeljne zakone, ki urejajo zaposlovanje invalidov, pomen in dejavnike zaposlovanja oseb z ZMDR ter različne oblike zaposlitve, ki se izvajajo v Sloveniji. V zadnjem delu teoretičnega dela smo predstavili razvoj in vlogo VDC-jev, različne dejavnosti, ki jih VDC-ji izvajajo v okviru storitve vodenje, varstvo in zaposlitev pod posebnimi pogoji in pomen integrirane zaposlitve za osebe z ZMDR. Cilji raziskave so bili ugotoviti, katere oblike zaposlitve pod posebnimi pogoji trenutno izvajajo VDC-ji po Sloveniji, v kolikšni meri se izvaja integrirana zaposlitev, kakšne prednosti in pomanjkljivosti opazijo strokovni delavci v VDC-jih, kje vidijo omejitve tisti, ki te oblike zaposlitve ne izvajajo in kakšna je njihova vizija zaposlovanja oseb z ZMDR v prihodnje. Rezultati so bili pridobljeni s tehniko anketiranja z uporabo nestandardiziranega anketnega vprašalnika, ki je bil sestavljen za potrebe magistrskega dela. Anketirali smo 30 strokovnih delavcev, ki so zaposleni v VDC-jih v Sloveniji. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da večina VDC-jev izvaja kooperantski in lastni program, v največji meri pa se poslužujejo kooperantskega programa. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se zdi večini anketirancev, ki izvajajo integrirano zaposlitev, takšna oblika zaposlitve primerna za osebe z ZMDR in da ima nanje več pozitivnih učinkov v primerjavi z drugimi oblikami zaposlitve, ki se izvajajo znotraj VDC-jev. Prednosti integrirane zaposlitve, ki jih anketiranci izpostavijo, so predvsem ozaveščanje okolice o delovnih spretnosti oseb z ZMDR, razvijanje občutka koristnosti, pomembnosti in samozavesti ter razvijanje socialnih spretnosti oseb z ZMDR. VDC-ji, ki se poslužujejo integrirane zaposlitve, največje ovire opažajo na področju neurejene zakonodaje, pri iskanju delodajalcev in primernih delovnih mest ter v pomanjkanju kadra, ki bi uvajal in spremljal uporabnike v delovnem okolju. Rezultati kažejo, da tisti VDC-ji, ki integrirane zaposlitve ne izvajajo, razloge za to v največji meri pripisujejo pomanjkanju ustreznega kadra in organizacijskim težavam ter iskanju ustreznih delodajalcev, ki bi bili pripravljeni zaposliti osebe z ZMDR. V zadnjem delu empiričnega dela so predstavljeni različni primeri dobre prakse, s katerimi se srečujejo VDC-ji, ki izvajajo integrirano zaposlitev. Z njimi smo želeli pokazati, da so osebe z ZMDR zmožne opravljati delo v običajnem delovnem okolju z ustreznimi prilagoditvami, podporo in vodenjem, kar nakazuje, da so potrebne spremembe, ki bi tem osebam omogočile boljše vključevanje v delovno okolje. Anketiranci najpogosteje predlagajo, da je potrebna sprememba zakonodaje, večja informiranost delodajalcev o populaciji oseb z ZMDR, zagotovitev dodatnega kadra in ozaveščanje dobrih praks.

Keywords

zmerne motnje v duševnem razvoju;varstveno delovni centri;integrirana zaposlitev;osebe z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [K. Kosmač]
UDC: 376-056.34:331.5(043.2)
COBISS: 64837635 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Employment of people with moderate intellectual disabilities in occupational and daycare centers in Slovenia
Secondary abstract: Employment is a very important factor for every individual, as it brings financial independence, increases autonomy and acceptance. This should also be available to individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities who, due to the current legislation, do not have the same rights to employment in the regular work environment. Most of them are a part of the occupational and daycare centers, where they work under special conditions, but do not enter into an employment relationship and receive only a symbolic payment. Some occupational and daycare centers in Slovenia are trying to find integrated employment for users in a regular work environment, even though it is not defined in the legislation and they are not obliged to implement it. According to the existing legislation, integrated employment is the most inclusive form of work for individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities, as they are included in the regular work environment and perform their work with appropriate support and adjustments. In the theoretical part we defined the general characteristics of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities and their possibilities for education. The basic laws governing the employment of the disabled, the importance and factors of employment of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities, and various forms of employment implemented in Slovenia are presented below. Finally we present the development and role of occupational and daycare centers, various activities performed by occupational and daycare centers within the service management, protection and employment under special conditions, and the importance of integrated employment for people with moderate intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to determine what forms of employment under special conditions are currently provided by occupational and daycare centers in Slovenia, to what extent integrated employment is carried out, what advantages and disadvantages of it are noticed by professionals in occupational and daycare centers, where do those who do not implement this form of employment see the limitations and what is their vision for the employment of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities in the future. The data were obtained with a technical survey, using a non-standardized questionnaire, which was designed for the needs of the master's thesis. 30 professionals employed in occupational and daycare centers in Slovenia were included in the sample. The results of the research show that most occupational and daycare centers in Slovenia run a cooperative and their own program, but they mostly use the cooperative program. It was found that most respondents who perform integrated employment find this form of employment appropriate for people with moderate intellectual disabilities and that it has more positive effects on them compared to other forms of employment. The advantages of integrated employment, which the respondents point out are raising awareness of the work skills, developing a sense of usefulness, importance, and self-confidence, and developing social skills of people with moderate intellectual disabilities. Occupational and daycare centers that implement integrated employment see the biggest obstacles in unregulated legislation, in finding employers and suitable jobs and in the lack of staff to introduce and monitor users in the work environment. The results show that those occupational and daycare centers that do not provide integrated employment attribute the reasons mainly to the lack of suitable staff and organizational problems, as well as to the search for suitable employers who would be willing to employ people with moderate intellectual disabilities. The last part of the empirical section presents various examples of good practices encountered by occupational and daycare centers implementing integrated employment. By including them we wanted to show that people with moderate intellectual disabilities can perform work in a normal work environment with appropriate adjustments, support, and guidance. This indicates changes are needed to enable these individuals to better integrate into the work environment. Respondents most often suggest the need for a change in legislation, greater familiarization of employers with the population of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities, the provision of additional staff, and awareness of good practices.
Secondary keywords: mental handicap;employment;motnje v duševnem razvoju;zaposlitev;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: 75 str.
ID: 13031880