magistrsko delo
Enej Šuberger (Author), Jurij Dolenšek (Mentor), Saška Lipovšek Delakorda (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V zadnjih desetletjih je na svetovnem nivoju opazno drastično povečanje populacije s prekomerno telesno težo, kar je poglaviten razlog za pojav številnih bolezni. Zaradi tesne povezanosti s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2 in hipertenzijo sta prekomerna teža in debelost pomembna dejavnika za kronično ledvično bolezen in končno odpoved ledvic. Namen raziskave je odkriti posledice zahodnjaške prehrane na strukturo glomerula in akumulacijo lipidov v ledvični skorji mišjega seva C57BL/6L, ki je dovzeten za sladkorno bolezen tipa 2. Kontrolna skupina živali je bila hranjena s standardno prehrano, medtem ko je bila testna skupina hranjena z zahodnjaško dieto. Po osemtedenskem hranjenju smo analizirali strukturo ledvične skorje miši. Poltanke tkivne rezine smo pregledali s svetlobnim mikroskopom z namenom opazovanja sprememb v strukturi glomerula in zamaščenosti ledvične skorje. Ultratanke tkivne rezine smo pregledali s transmisijskim elektronskim mikroskopom (TEM) in se osredotočili na spremembe integritete glomerulne bazalne lamine (BL). Ugotovili smo, da je zamaščenost ledvične skorje miši, hranjenih z zahodnjaško prehrano, veliko večja od tistih, hranjenih s standardno prehrano. Zamaščenost se je odražala v večji pokrovnosti lipidnih kapelj v tkivnih rezinah ter v večjih in številčnejših kapljah. Pri glomerulih smo pri skupini, hranjeni z zahodnjaško prehrano, opazili povečanje Bowmanovih prostorov, za kar predvidevamo, da je posledica hiperfiltracije. Ugotovili smo, da pri hranjenju z zahodnjaško prehrano pride do povečanja glomerulnega volumna. Debelina bazalne lamine testne skupine se ni razlikovala od debeline bazalne lamine kontrolne skupine. V tkivnih rezinah miši testne skupine smo opazili številne odcepitve podocitnih nožic od bazalne lamine ter odcepljanja primarnih izrastkov od telesa podocitne celice, kar nakazuje na delno izgubo integritete bazalne lamine in na zmanjšanje funkcije filtracije. Z raziskavo smo dokazali, da zahodnjaški način hranjenja negativno vpliva na ledvično morfologijo. Na podlagi spremenjene ledvične morfologije sklepamo na upad funkcionalnosti. Nadaljnje raziskave so potrebne za boljše razumevanje mehanizmov tako na celičnem kot na genetskem nivoju, preko katerih debelost deluje na ledvično okvaro.

Keywords

magistrska dela;akumulacija lipidov;bazalna lamina;Bowmaniv prostor;glomerul;HFD;ledvice;podociti;sldkorna bolezen;zahodnjaška prehrana;zamaščenost ledvice;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher: [E. Šuberger]
UDC: 612.46:616.379-008.64(043.2)
COBISS: 76215811 Link will open in a new window
Views: 306
Downloads: 39
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Effects of western diet on glomerular structure and adiposity of renal cortex in mice
Secondary abstract: In recent decades, there has been a drastic increase in the overweight population worldwide, which is a major factor for emergence of many diseases. Due to its close association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, overweight and obesity are major risk factors for occurrence of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. The aim of the study was to discover the effects of Western diet on glomerular structure and lipid accumulation in the renal cortex of the mouse strain C57BL/6L, which is susceptible to type 2 diabetes. The control group was fed a standard diet while the test group was fed the Western diet. After eight weeks of feeding, the structure of the mouse renal cortex was analyzed. Half-thin tissue slices were examined with light microscope in order to observe changes in the structure of the glomerulus and fattiness of the renal cortex. Ultrathin tissue slices were examined with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the focus was on the changes in the integrity of the glomerular basal lamina (BL). We found that the renal cortex fat content of mice fed a Western diet was much higher compared to mice that were fed a standard diet. Fattiness was reflected in greater coverage of lipid droplets in tissue slices, and in larger and more numerous droplets. In glomeruli an increased Bowman's space was observed in the group that was fed a Western diet, which is thought to be the effect of hyperfiltration. We concluded that Western diet causes an increase in glomerular volume. Basal lamina thickness did not differ among test groups. However, we observed numerous effacements of podocyte foot processes from basal lamina and detachments of primary processes from the body of the podocyte cell, which indicates a partial loss of basal lamina integrity and reduction in filtration function. Reasearch has shown that the Western diet has a negative effect on renal morphology. Based on altered renal morphology, we conclude that the renal function is declining. More specific research is needed to better understand the mechanisms at both cellular and genetic levels trough which obesity acts on renal impairment.
Secondary keywords: master theses;lipid accumulation;basal lamina;Bowmanʼs space;glomerulus;HFD;kidney podocytes;diabetes;Western diet;kidney fat;Prave miši;Morfologija (živali);Način prehranjevanja;Bolezni glodavcev;Ledvica;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages: X, 49 f.
ID: 13104278