diplomsko delo
Sara Jeram (Author), Tanja Pajk Žontar (Reviewer), Marko Kreft (Mentor)

Abstract

Os črevesna mikrobiota-možgani je dvosmerna povezava med črevesno mikrobioto in možgani. Ta povezava vključuje črevesno mikrobioto in njene metabolite, enterični živčni sistem, simpatično in parasimpatično vejo, živčno-imunski sistem, nevroendokrini sistem in centralni živčni sistem. Številni dejavniki prispevajo k sestavi črevesne mikrobiote, eden glavnih pa je predvsem naša prehrana. Z različnimi vrstami diet, ki vključujejo ali izključujejo uživanje določenih skupin živil, lahko močno vplivamo na sestavo mikrobiote. Posledično pride do črevesne disbioze oz. spremenjena bakterijska sestava črevesja. V zadnjih letih se je uveljavila predvsem t. i. standardna ameriška prehrana, ki je bogata s sladkorjem, soljo, nasičenimi in trans maščobnimi kislinami. Ta na splošno velja za enega od glavnih dejavnikov, ki prispevajo k pojavu debelosti, srčno-žilnih in drugih kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni. Kot najbolj učinkovit način prehrane za preprečevanje kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni se je izkazala mediteranska prehrana. Vse več raziskav na področju povezave črevesne mikrobiote z možgani se osredotoča na raziskovanje, kako bi lahko s prehrano pozitivno vplivali na različne duševne motnje in nevrodegenerativne bolezni. Mikrobiota povezana z debelostjo vpliva na gostiteljev apetit, inzulinsko rezistenco, vnetje in sestavo maščevja. Mehanizmi uravnavanja presnove, homeostaze, energijske bilance in nalaganja maščob, tako imajo pomembno vlogo pri nastanku čezmerne hranjenosti in debelosti.

Keywords

črevesna mikrobiota;možgani;prehrana;sladila;stres;debelost;duševne motnje;nevrodegenerativne bolezni;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [S. Jeram]
UDC: 613.2:612.33
COBISS: 76349443 Link will open in a new window
Views: 222
Downloads: 49
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Diet in the microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling
Secondary abstract: Gut microbiota-brain axis is a two-way connection between the gut microbiota and the brain. This connection includes gut microbiota and its metabolites, enteric nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, nervous-immune system, neuroendocrine system, and central nervous system. Many factors contribute to the composition of gut microbiota, and one of the main ones is primarily our diet. With different types of diets that include or exclude the consumption of certain food groups, we can strongly influence the composition of the microbiota. As a result, it can occur intestinal dysbiosis or altered bacterial composition of the intestine. In recent years, the so-called standard american diet, rich in sugar, salt, saturated and trans fatty acids, has become established. Standard american diet is generally considered to be one of the main contributing factors to obesity, cardiovascular and other chronic non-communicable diseases. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be the most effective diet for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. More and more research into the connection between the intestinal microbiota and the brain is focusing on research into how diet could have a positive effect on various mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The obesity-related microbiota affects the host’s appetite, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fat composition. The mechanisms of regulating metabolism, homeostasis, energy balance and fat storage thus play an important role in the development of obesity and excessive body weight.
Secondary keywords: gut microbiota;brain;nutrition;sweeteners;stress;obesity;mental disorders;neurodegenerative diseases;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za živilstvo
Pages: VII, 22 f.
ID: 13439776