magistrsko delo
Polona Tratnik (Author), Marta Macedoni-Lukšič (Mentor)

Abstract

Aspergerjev sindrom (v nadaljevanju AS) je ena od oblik avtističnih motenj (v nadaljevanju AM), za katere so značilni primanjkljaji na področju socialne komunikacije in interakcije ter prisotnost ozko usmerjenih in ponavljajočih se vedenj, interesov in aktivnosti. Pri osebah z AS se pogosto pojavljajo posebnosti v senzornem procesiranju, ki se kažejo kot hipo- ali hipersenzitivnost na senzorne dražljaje. Senzorna preobčutljivost, na katero smo se v tej magistrski nalogi osredotočili, je pogosto povezana z izogibanjem določenim situacijam in prostorom, kar pomembno vpliva na samostojnost oseb z AS. Eden od kazalnikov samostojnosti je tudi nakupovanje živil. Zaradi senzornih posebnosti so trgovine z živili za osebe z AS zahtevno okolje, s senzornimi prilagoditvami pa lahko pozitivno vplivamo na njihovo samostojnost pri nakupovanju. V Sloveniji se senzorne prilagoditve prostora osredotočajo na šole in vrtce, v tujini pa se že razširjajo tudi na druge javne prostore, kot so trgovine. V teoretičnem delu so predstavili tudi primere dobre prakse senzornega prilagajanja trgovin v tujini. V empiričnem delu smo ugotavljali, kateri senzorni dejavniki v trgovinah so najbolj moteči za odrasle z AS, kakšen način nakupovanja najpogosteje uporabljajo in ali je to povezano z ugotovljeno preobčutljivostjo na izbrane dražljaje v trgovinah. Na podlagi tega smo povzeli smernice za prilagoditve trgovin, ki bi jih lahko implementirali v praksi. Podatke smo pridobivali z nestandardiziranim vprašalnikom, v raziskavi pa je sodelovalo 26 oseb z AS. Rezultati so pokazali, da so za odrasle z AS v trgovinah z živili najbolj moteči senzorni dejavniki gneča, spreminjanje položaja izdelkov, mešanica različnih zvokov, ozki prehodi med policami ter preveč vidnih dražljajev naenkrat. Pri slednjemu smo našli razlike tudi glede na kraj bivanja – osebe, živeče na podeželju, kažejo večjo stopnjo preobčutljivosti na mešanico vidnih dražljajev v trgovinah z živili. Najpogosteje živila za odrasle z AS nakupuje nekdo drug, temu sledi samostojno nakupovanje v fizičnih trgovinah in nakupovanje ob podpori druge osebe, najredkeje pa živila nakupujejo v spletnih trgovinah. Ugotovili smo razlike glede na starostno skupino, mlajši manj samostojno nakupujejo v fizičnih trgovinah in več ob podpori druge osebe. Nakupovanja ob podpori statistično pomembno uporabljajo več tisti, ki živijo s starši, ter tisti, ki so izrazili večjo stopnjo preobčutljivosti na mešanico vidnih dražljajev. Druge povezanosti senzorne preobčutljivosti na izbrane dražljaje in pogostosti določenih načinov nakupovanja nismo dokazali. Iz rezultatov smo izpeljali smernice za prilagoditve trgovin. Po zgledu iz tujine priporočamo uvedbo »senzorno prijaznih ur«, ob katerih je v trgovini manj gneče, zmanjšana je količina in jakost zvočnih in vidnih dražljajev. Na spletni strani naj bodo navedeni termini, ko je v trgovini manj gneče ter dostopen zemljevid za lažjo orientacijo in iskanje izdelkov. Položaj izdelkov naj bo stalen, objekti pa razporejeni tako, da je manjša možnost fizičnega stika med obiskovalci (npr. širši prehodi med policami). Pričujoče delo je prva taka raziskava v Sloveniji in prinaša vpogled v načine nakupovanja živil pri osebah z AS kot enega od kazalnikov samostojnosti ter v njihovo preobčutljivost na senzorne dražljaje v trgovinah. V njem evalviramo trenutno stanje in predlagamo spremembe senzornega okolja za omogočanje večje samostojnosti in kakovosti življenja osebam z AS.

Keywords

Aspergerjev sindrom;senzorna preobčutljivost;samostojnost;nakupovanje;prilagoditve;živilske trgovine;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [P. Tratnik]
UDC: 616.896(043.2)
COBISS: 84478467 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 8
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Impact of sensory hypersensitivity in people with Asperger's syndrome on independent shopping
Secondary abstract: Asperger syndrome (AS) is a form of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), which are characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction and the presence of narrowly focused and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. People with AS often experience peculiarities in sensory processing that manifest as hypo- or hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Sensory hypersensitivity, which we focused on in this master's thesis, is often associated with avoiding certain situations and spaces, which significantly affects the independence of people with AS. An indicator of independence is also grocery shopping. Due to sensory peculiarities, grocery stores are a demanding environment for people with AS, and with sensory adjustments we can positively influence their independence in shopping. In Slovenia, sensory adaptations of space are focused on schools and kindergartens, while abroad they are already being extended to other public spaces, such as shops. In the theoretical part, they also presented examples of good practice of sensory adaptation of stores abroad. In the empirical part, we found out which sensory factors in stores are the most disturbing for adults with AS, what way of shopping they use most often and whether this is related to the identified hypersensitivity to selected stimuli in stores. Based on this, we summarized guidelines for store adjustments that could be implemented in practice. Data were obtained using a non-standardized questionnaire, and 26 people with AS participated in the study. The results showed that for adults with AS, the most disturbing sensory factors in grocery stores are crowd, changing the position of products, a mixture of different sounds, narrow passages between shelves, and too many visible stimuli at once. In the latter, we also found differences according to the place of residence - people living in rural areas show a higher degree of hypersensitivity to a mixture of visible stimuli in grocery stores. Most often, food for adults with AS is bought by someone else, followed by independent shopping in physical stores and shopping with the support of another person, and least often, food is bought in online stores. We found differences according to age group, younger people shop less independently in physical stores and more with the support of another person. Supported shopping is used statistically significantly more by those who live with their parents and by those who have expressed a higher degree of hypersensitivity to a mixture of visual stimuli. We have not proven other connection between sensory hypersensitivity to selected stimuli and the frequency of certain shopping methods. From the results, we formed guidelines for store adjustments. Following the example from abroad, we recommend the introduction of 'sensory-friendly hours’, during which the store is less crowded, and the amount and intensity of sound and visual stimuli are reduced. The website should list the times when the store is less crowded and a map for easier orientation and product search should be accessible. The position of the products should be constant, and the facilities should be arranged in such a way that there is less possibility of physical contact between visitors (e.g., wider passages between shelves). The present work is the first such research in Slovenia and provides insight into the ways of shopping for food in people with AS as one of the indicators of independence and their hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli in stores. In it, we evaluate the current situation and propose changes in the sensory environment to enable greater independence and quality of life for people with AS.
Secondary keywords: autism;avtizem;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: 57 str.
ID: 13689130