Matej Skočaj (Author), Maruša Rajh (Author), Klemen Strojan (Author), Jasna Lojk (Author), Mateja Erdani-Kreft (Author), Katarina Miš (Author), Sergej Pirkmajer (Author), Vladimir Boštjan Bregar (Author), Peter Veranič (Author), Mojca Pavlin (Author)

Abstract

Many studies evaluated the short-term in vitro toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs); however, long-term effects are still not adequately understood. Here, we investigated the potential toxic effects of biomedical (polyacrylic acid and polyethylenimine coated magnetic NPs) and two industrial (SiO$_2$ and TiO$_2$) NPs following different short-term and long-term exposure protocols on two physiologically different in vitro models that are able to differentiate: L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line and biomimetic normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells. We show that L6 cells are more sensitive to NP exposure then NPU cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an uptake of NPs into L6 cells but not NPU cells. In L6 cells, we obtained a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation after 24 h. Following continuous exposure, more stable TiO$_2$ and polyacrylic acid (PAA) NPs increased levels of nuclear factor Nrf2 mRNA, suggesting an oxidative damage-associated response. Furthermore, internalized magnetic PAA and TiO$_2$ NPs hindered the differentiation of L6 cells. We propose the use of L6 skeletal muscle cells and NPU cells as a novel approach for assessment of the potential long-term toxicity of relevant NPs that are found in the blood and/or can be secreted into the urine.

Keywords

nanotoksikologija;in vitro L6 mišična celična linija;urotelij;diferenciacija;celična signalizacija;ROS;nanotoxicology;in vitro L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line;urothelium in vitro;differentiation;cell signaling;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UL FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
UDC: 577
COBISS: 32522243 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1422-0067
Views: 174
Downloads: 113
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: nanotoksikologija;in vitro L6 mišična celična linija;urotelij;diferenciacija;celična signalizacija;ROS;
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: str. 1-23
Volume: ǂiss. ǂ20
Issue: 7545
Chronology: Oct.-2 2020
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207545
ID: 14305984