Novejše teorije psihologije množice in taktika policije

Peter Umek (Author)

Abstract

Namen prispevka: V Slovenji je bilo v decembru 2012 nekaj demonstracij, ki so se nadaljevale še v začetek leta 2013. V Mariboru in Ljubljani se je zbralo veliko število demonstrantov in prve proteste je zaznamovalo tudi nasilje, precejšnje število demonstrantov je policija tudi aretirala. Mnogi so menili, da je policija nastopila s preveliko silo in da je celo prekoračila svoja pooblastila, saj so bili policijskih postopkov deležni tudi miroljubni protestniki. O taktiki policije pri delu z množico v domači literaturi ni veliko napisanega in menim, da širša javnost ni seznanjena z zakonitostmi množičnega vedenja, ki bi jih morala policija upoštevati pri zagotavljanju in vzpostavljanju reda pri demonstracijah in drugih množičnih dogodkih. Namen tega prispevka je predstaviti novejše ugotovitve o vedenju ljudi v množici in kako naj bi se te ugotovitve odrazile v strategiji in taktiki policije, ko se srečuje z množico. Metode: Prispevek je nastal na osnovi pregleda in integracije spoznanj iz različnih strokovnih in znanstvenih virov, katerih avtorji so vodilni teoretiki in praktiki na področju psihologije množice. Povzel sem tudi analizo nemirov v Gothenburgu leta 2001 in švedsko specialno policijsko taktiko za nadzorovanje množice Ugotovitve: Le Bonova teorija množice ni uporabna za razlago vedenja množic v današnjih časih in upoštevanje teh principov pri nadzoru množice je kontraproduktivno. V osnovi sodobnih policijskih taktik je Reicherjev model socialne identitete, ki poudarja, da posameznik v množici ne izgubi osebne identitete, sprejme identiteto socialne skupine, s katero se identificira. Veliko napako stori policija, če množico obravnava kot celoto in ne loči med različnimi socialnimi skupinami, ki se v množici različno vedejo. Strokovnjaki vedno bolj poudarjajo komunikacijo med policijo in demonstranti, ki je lahko odločilnega pomena za preprečevanje nasilnega vedenja demonstrantov in tudi policistov. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek je namenjen predvsem strokovni javnosti, torej policistom in poveljnikom posebnih policijskih enot, ki lahko spoznanja, navedena v prispevku, upoštevajo pri načrtovanju strategije in taktike dela pri različnih množičnih shodih.

Keywords

psihologija množice;nadzor;komunikacija;policija;policijsko delo;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2013
Typology:	1.02 - Review Article
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
UDC:	316.6:351.741
COBISS:	2563562
ISSN:	1580-0253
Parent publication:	Varstvoslovje
Views:	1177
Downloads:	152
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Recent Crowd Psychology Theories and Crowd Policing
Secondary abstract:	Purpose: In 2012 Slovenia faced a few demonstrations that continued in January 2013. A large number of protesters gathered in Maribor and Ljubljana. First demonstrations were marked by violence, few protesters were arrested. Many shared the opinion that the police exceeded the use of force and its authority, since also peaceful protesters were among the apprehended. Domestic literature does not say much about crowd policing and, in my opinion, lay public has little knowledge of the specific nature of group behaviour that the police has to consider in cases of mass events such as protests. The purpose of this paper is to present recent findings on group behaviour and how these findings should manifest in police strategies and tactics. Methods: The paper is a review and an integration of findings from different professional and scientific sources by leading authors in theory and practice of group psychology. Analysis of riots in Gothenburg in 2001 and Swedish special policing is also presented. Findings: The Le Bon's group theory cannot be applied to explain group behaviour in modern times and incorporating its principles in crowd policing would be counterproductive. The basis of modern police tactics is the Reicher’s model of social identity which emphasizes that the individual does not lose his/hers identity and take on the identity of the social group. Police acts extremely erroneously if it considers the crowd as one unit and does not differentiate between social groups that act differently in the crowd. Experts in the field of group psychology frequently stress the importance of communication between the police and the protesters because it is of fundamental importance in preventing violent behaviour of both the protesters and the police officers. Originality/Value: This paper is aimed at the professional public, especially the police officers and Special police unit commanders that may consider the presented findings when planning strategies and work tactics for different mass meetings in the future.
Secondary keywords:	crowd psychology;principles for crowd policing;comunication;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Scientific work
Pages:	str. 29-44
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ15
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology:	2013
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;sociology;sociologija;social psychology;socialna psihologija;social sciences;družbene vede;public administration;government;military affairs;javna uprava;particular activities of public administration;posamične dejavnosti javne uprave;
ID:	15591