diplomsko delo
Nika Strajnar (Author), Anton Meden (Mentor)

Abstract

Ljudje se vse bolj zavedamo pomena zdravja in čedalje več posameznikov preventivno uporablja šumeče tablete v vlogi prehranskega dopolnila, protibolečinskih sredstev ali za lažje izkašljevanje. Šumeče tablete so praviloma sestavljene iz trdnih kristaliničnih snovi. Take snovi imajo red dolgega dosega ali periodičnost. To pomeni, da je snov sestavljena iz množice kristalov, katerih osnovna enota se urejeno ponavlja v vse smeri in tako tvori visokourejeno strukturo. Ena od osnovnih metod za identifikacijo trdnih kristaliničnih snovi je rentgenska praškovna difrakcija. Pri tej metodi vzorec osvetljujemo z rentgensko svetlobo; ko žarki dosežejo vzorec, pride do interference pri različnih uklonskih kotih kot posledice prisotnosti kristaliničnih faz v vzorcu. Da pride do tega pojava, mora biti izpolnjen Braggov pogoj. Rezultat analize je uklonska slika, ki jo imenujemo praškovni posnetek ali difraktogram in prikazuje odvisnost intenzitete uklonjenih žarkov od uklonskega kota in je lahko podlaga za identifikacijo kristaliničnih faz. Z metodo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije sem analizirala 17 vzorcev šumečih tablet. Vzorci so bili posneti z difraktometrom, dobljene difraktograme sem primerjala med sabo in z deklaracijo izdelkov. Pri tem sem si pomagala z različnimi računalniškimi programi (X'Pert High-score in Crystallographica Search-Match). Ob tem sem spoznala tudi omejitve metode, z njo sem namreč lahko identificirala le glavne komponente šumečih tablet. Neidentificirane so ostale spojine, ki so v deklaraciji šumečih tablet navedene v manjših količinah.

Keywords

kristalinične trdne snovi;šumeče tablete;rentgenska praškovna difrakcija;identifikacija;difraktogrami;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [N. Strajnar]
UDC: 543.442.3(043.2)
COBISS: 115552515 Link will open in a new window
Views: 117
Downloads: 40
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: X-ray powder diffraction of effervescent tablets
Secondary abstract: People are becoming more and more aware of the importance of our health and more and more people are taking effervescent tablets for prevention, mostly as a dietary supplement, but also as a painkiller or to relieve coughs. Effervescent tablets usually consist of solid, crystalline substances. Such substances have a long-range order or periodicity. This means that the matter consists of a mass of crystals, the basic unit of which is the unit cell, which is repeated in all directions in an orderly manner, forming a highly ordered structure. One of the basic methods for identifying solid crystalline substances is X-ray powder diffraction. This is a method in which the sample is illuminated with X-rays. When the beams reach the sample, interference occurs at different diffraction angles due to the presence of crystalline phases in the sample. For this to occur, the Bragg condition must be satisfied. The result of the analysis is a diffraction image, a so-called powder snapshot or diffractogram. It shows the dependence of the intensity of the diffracted rays on the diffraction angle and can be used to identify crystalline phases. I analyzed 17 samples of effervescent tablets by X-ray powder diffraction. The samples were recorded with a diffractometer and the diffractograms were compared with each other and with their declaration. For this purpose, I used different computer programs (X’Pert High-score and Crystallographica Search-Match). In this way, I also learned about the limitations of the method. I found that, using this method, I could only identify the main components of the effervescent tablets. Unidentified compounds from the effervescent tablet declaration remain and are present in the tablets in small amounts.
Secondary keywords: effervescent tablets;X-ray powder diffraction;identification;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000374
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, VSŠ Kemijska tehnologija
Pages: 40 str.
ID: 15721004