diplomsko delo
Povzetek
Zdravila so izdelki, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje, preprečevanje ali prepoznavanje bolezni. Sestavljena so iz ene ali več zdravilnih učinkovin in pomožnih snovi. Zanje veljajo stroge zahteve, saj mora biti vsako zdravilo učinkovito, kakovostno in varno za uporabnika. Zato sem se odločila, da analiziram sestave različnih peroralnih praškov z metodo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije in rezultate primerjam z deklaracijami.
Analizirala sem 14 vzorcev peroralnih praškov, od tega jih je bilo osem magistralno izdelanih, ostali pa generično. Magistralne pripravke izdelujejo v lekarnah in so po navodilih zdravnika prilagojeni posameznemu pacientu, generične pa proizvajajo v večjih farmacevtskih tovarnah in so dostopni v lekarnah z izdajo brez recepta. Glavni namen je bil na osnovi praškovnih posnetkov identificirati kristalinične faze, ki se nahajajo v peroralnih praških. Zanimale so me razlike med različno izdelanimi praški ter praški, ki vsebujejo isto snov. Ugotovila sem, da je sestava magistralno izdelanih praškov enostavnejša od generično izdelanih, največkrat uporabljena pomožna snov pa je laktoza. Generično izdelani pa so kompleksnejši z več prisotnimi kristaliničnimi snovmi. Nekaterih vzorcev mi v celoti ni uspelo identificirati, saj je bila koncentracija snovi v njih prenizka in zato niso bile opazne na difraktogramu, ali pa njihova struktura ni povsem znana in ni bilo možno izrisati difraktograma glede na strukturno formulo spojine. Pri primerjavi z deklaracijo pa so vse sestavine ustrezne.
Ključne besede
peroralni praški;kvalitativna analiza;rentgenska praškovna difrakcija;difraktogrami;diplomske naloge;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2023 |
Tipologija: |
2.11 - Diplomsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UL FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo |
Založnik: |
[N. Bartol] |
UDK: |
543.442.3(043.2) |
COBISS: |
165219331
|
Št. ogledov: |
22 |
Št. prenosov: |
3 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Identification of crystalline phases in oral powders by means of X-ray powder diffraction |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Medicines are products that are used to treat, prevent or identify diseases. They consist of one or more active ingredients and auxiliary substances. They are subject to strict requirements, as each drug must be effective, high-quality and safe for the user. Therefore, I decided to analyze the compositions of various oral powders using the X-ray powder diffraction method and compare the results with the declarations.
I analyzed 14 samples of oral powders, of which eight were expertly produced, and the rest were generic. Master preparations are manufactured in pharmacies and are adapted to the individual patient according to the doctor's instructions, while generics are produced in larger pharmaceutical factories and are available in pharmacies without a prescription. The main purpose was to identify the crystalline phases found in oral powders on the basis of powder pattern. I was interested in the differences between magisterial and genericlly produced powders and powders containing the same substance. I have found that the composition of expertly produced powders is simpler than generically produced ones, and the most frequently used auxiliary substance is lactose. Generically produced ones are more complex with more crystalline substances present. I did not manage to identify some samples in their entirety, because the concentration of substances in them was too low and therefore they were not visible on the diffractogram, or their structure is not completely known and it was not possible to draw a diffractogram according to the structural formula of the compound. When compared to the declaration, however, all ingredients are adequate. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
X-ray powder diffraction;powder pattern;oral powder;Zdravila;Kristalna struktura;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Diplomsko delo/naloga |
Študijski program: |
1000374 |
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): |
1970-01-01 |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, VSŠ Kemijska tehnologija |
Strani: |
51 str. |
ID: |
19909000 |