magistrsko delo
Anita Lubej (Author), Jerneja Pavlin (Mentor)

Abstract

V šolskem prostoru je učitelj posrednik znanja, a ni edini učni vir. Pomemben učni vir predstavljata tudi učbenik in delovni zvezek, v katerih učenci najdejo predpisano učno vsebino za učenje. Pouk naravoslovja in tehnike temelji predvsem na opazovanju, napovedovanju in analiziranju. Od učencev se tako zahteva samostojno delo, pri čemer se učenci poleg vsebine naučijo tudi novih veščin in strategij, s pomočjo katerih lahko pridejo sami do novega znanja. Pri predmetu naravoslovje in tehnika pa je to še večjega pomena, saj se lahko učenci mnogo naučijo v naravi, za kar med poukom velikokrat zmanjka časa. Na usvajanje veščin samostojnega dela se nanaša eksperimentiranje, na katerem temelji mnogo naravoslovnih spoznanj. Pridobitev znanja na podlagi samostojnega dela učencev je odvisna tudi od učnih pripomočkov, ki morajo biti kakovostni in ustrezni za delo pri pouku in doma. Eden izmed teh je tudi učbenik in v magistrskem delu so analizirani naravoslovni učbeniki in delovni zvezki, ki jih učenci uporabljajo v 4. razredu osnovne šole v Republiki Sloveniji pri predmetu naravoslovje in tehnika. Učbeniški kompleti morajo predvidevati in ustrezno načrtovati samostojno delo učencev, na podlagi katerega naj bi učenci usvojili znanje. V raziskavo so vključeni štirje učbeniki, delovni zvezki ali učbeniški kompleti. Pri analizi raziskovalnega vzorca smo se osredinili na učno temo spreminjanja lastnosti snovi. Tema opredeljujejo lastnosti, kot so na primer trdota, trdnost, gostota, gnetljivost, prožnost, poleg tega pa tudi ločevanje in mešanje snovi. Zaradi izrazito eksperimentalne naravnanosti vsebine, smo se odločili, da jo uporabimo za raziskavo. Raziskava temelji na identifikaciji razlik v izbranih učnih gradivih glede celostne strukture učne vsebine, strukture besedila, jezikovnega izražanja, stila pisanja ter slikovnega gradiva in grafičnih ponazoritev. Pridobljeni podatki so analizirani opisno s pomočjo predpostavljenih kazalnikov učnih gradiv. Ugotovili smo, da se v učnih gradivih pojavljajo razlike v obravnavi učne vsebine. Te so bile najbolj opazne pri količini in nazornosti vsebine, pri navajanju uvodov in povzetkov učne snovi, pri načrtovanju eksperimentalnih nalog ter pri ustreznosti in količini slikovnih ponazoril. Ugotovitve raziskave bodo v pomoč učiteljem pri kritičnem vrednotenju učbeniških kompletov pred uporabo v razredu, pa tudi prihodnjim avtorjem učbeniških gradiv pri zasnovi le-teh.

Keywords

naravoslovje in tehnika;lastnosti snovi;učbeniki;poučevanje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [A. Lubej]
UDC: 5:373.3(043.2)
COBISS: 117722627 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Learning about the changing properties of matter in science and technology textbooks in grade 4 of primary school
Secondary abstract: The teacher plays the key role in imparting knowledge in the school environment. However, he/she is not the only source of knowledge. Textbooks and workbooks are also important sources, as the compulsory learning content can be found there. Science and technology subject is based on observation, prediction, and analysis. Students are expected to work individually. This gives them the opportunity to acquire new knowledge while learning new skills and strategies. Since lack of time is often the reason for not learning in nature, even though subject Science and technology can be taught and learned in this way, this fact is even more important. Experimentation is often seen as a means of acquiring all the skills of individual work and is the basis of many scientific discoveries. The acquisition of knowledge based on the individual work of students often depends on learning materials, which must be of high quality and suitable for work at school as well as at home. The textbook is one of these materials. This master thesis presents Science and technology textbooks and workbooks used in the fourth grade of primary schools in Slovenia. The textbooks are expected to anticipate and plan the individual work of the students through which they acquire the knowledge. The research includes four textbooks, workbooks and textbook sets approved by the relevant professional council. The analysis of the research sample focuses on the theme of changing material properties. The topic defines properties such as hardness, strength, density, plasticity, flexibility, and the separation and mixing of substances. Due to the strongly experimental nature of the content, we decided to use it for research. The research is based on identification of differences in the selected learning materials in terms of the overall structure of the learning content, the structure of the text, the linguistic expression, the writing style, the visuals and the graphic representations. The obtained data are analysed descriptively based on the adopted indicators of the learning materials. Analysing the results, we found that there are differences in the treatment of the learning content in the materials. These were most evident in the amount and clarity of content, in the introduction of introductions and summaries of content, in the planning of experimental tasks, and in the relevance and quantity of visual material. The results will help teachers critically evaluate textbook sets before using them in the classroom and help future textbook authors design them appropriately.
Secondary keywords: Osnovnošolsko učenje in poučevanje;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje, Poučevanje na razredni stopnji
Pages: VI, 167 str.
ID: 16188670