Način delovanja in učinki probiotikov v prehrani živali

Maša Vodovnik (Author), Romana Marinšek-Logar (Author)

Abstract

Probiotiki so živi mikroorganizmi, ki zaužiti v ustreznem številu, ugodno vplivajo na zdravje gostitelja. Njihovi učinki so praviloma povezani z vzpostavitvijo ugodnega mikrobnega ravnovesja v prebavilih gostitelja ter uravnavanjem njegovega imunskega odziva. Pri domačih živalih so ključni učinki probiotikov povezani z izboljšano učinkovitostjo prireje. Poleg ugodnega vpliva na zdravstveno stanje (predvsem mladih) živali, slednje obsega tudi izboljšano konverzijo krme, povečano hitrost rasti in nekatere druge. Probiotični krmni dodatki registrirani v EU vsebujejo predvsem Gram-pozitivne bakterije iz rodov Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus ter kvasovke Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Kluyveromyces sp. Medtem, ko je večina omenjenih mikroorganiymov načeloma varnih, imajo nekateri lastnosti, ki so lahko škodljive tako za živali, kot tudi za ljudi. Tak primer so enterokoki, pri katerih pogosto opažajo zapise za prenosljive determinante odpornosti proti antibiotikom. Slednji tako predstavljajo potencialno nevarnost za širjenje odpornosti v patogenih mikrobnih populacijah ljudi in živali. Hiter napredek na področju sintetične in sistemske biologije združen s podporo bioinformatike in novimi orodji genskega inženirstva v prihodnosti obeta skoraj neskončne možnosti za pripravo probiotičnih sevov s poljubnimi lastnostmi, vendar pa bodo le-ti lahko prestopili meje laboratorijev šele ob ustrezni spremembi zakonodaje in javnega mnenja.

Keywords

živinoreja;prehrana živali;mikrobiologija;probiotiki;krma;rekombinantni probiotiki;zakonodaja;EU;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2008
Typology:	1.02 - Review Article
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	Biotehniška fakulteta
UDC:	636.084/.087
COBISS:	2407816
ISSN:	1581-9175
Parent publication:	Acta agriculturae Slovenica
Views:	1303
Downloads:	444
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Probiotics in animal nutrition
Secondary abstract:	Probiotics are defined as living micro-organisms, that upon ingestion in certain numbers, exert health benefits to the host. Their use is linked to proven efficacy on the gastrointestinal microbial equilibrium as well as immunomodulation. The positive effect in animals exerts not only in an improved health status, especially in young animals, but also in improved animal performance, including growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Microorganisms that are used in animal feeds in the EU are mainly Gram-positive bacteria belonging to genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus and yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Kluyveromyces species. While most of the species are apparently safe, certain microorganisms may exert harmful properties for animals as well as humans. Enterococci, for example, might harbour transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants, which have the potential to spread in animal and human-associated pathogenic microbial populations. Recent developments in synthetic and systems biology, coupled with bioinformatics and novel tools for genetic engineering, will soon enable the construction of 'artificial' probiotic microorganisms with virtually any combination of properties. Whether and when these 'designer probiotics' will reach out of the labs depends on legislation as well as public opinion.
Secondary keywords:	animal production;animal nutrition;microbiology;probiotics;feed;recombinant probiotics;legislation;EU;
URN:	URN:NBN:SI
Type (COBISS):	Not categorized
Pages:	str. 5-17
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ92
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology:	2008
ID:	1735101