Tina Smolič (Author), Petra Tavčar Verdev (Author), Anemari Horvat (Author), Urška Černe (Author), Ana Halužan Vasle (Author), Larisa Tratnjek (Author), Mateja Erdani-Kreft (Author), Nicole Scholz (Author), Maja Matis (Author), Toni Petan (Author), Robert Zorec (Author), Nina Vardjan (Author)

Abstract

When the brain is in a pathological state, the content of lipid droplets (LDs), the lipid storage organelles, is increased, particularly in glial cells, but rarely in neurons. The biology and mechanisms leading to LD accumulation in astrocytes, glial cells with key homeostatic functions, are poorly understood. We imaged fluorescently labeled LDs by microscopy in isolated and brain tissue rat astrocytes and in glia-like cells in Drosophila brain to determine the (sub)cellular localization, mobility, and content of LDs under various stress conditions characteristic for brain pathologies. LDs exhibited confined mobility proximal to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that was attenuated by metabolic stress and by increased intracellular Ca2+, likely to enhance the LD-organelle interaction imaged by electron microscopy. When de novo biogenesis of LDs was attenuated by inhibition of DGAT1 and DGAT2 enzymes, the astrocyte cell number was reduced by ~40%, suggesting that in astrocytes LD turnover is important for cell survival and/or proliferative cycle. Exposure to noradrenaline, a brain stress response system neuromodulator, and metabolic and hypoxic stress strongly facilitated LD accumulation in astrocytes. The observed response of stressed astrocytes may be viewed as a support for energy provision, but also to be neuroprotective against the stress-induced lipotoxicity.

Keywords

astrocytes;stress stimuli;metabolism;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UL MF - Faculty of Medicine
UDC: 616-092
COBISS: 52537347 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 0894-1491
Views: 24
Downloads: 3
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: astrociti;stresni dražljaji;presnova;
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: str. 1540-1562
Volume: ǂVol. ǂ69
Issue: ǂiss. ǂ6
Chronology: 2021
DOI: 10.1002/glia.23978
ID: 18220004