Vpliv zakonitega strelnega orožja na smrtnost

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Žan Burnik (Author), Branko Lobnikar (Mentor)

Abstract

Na Norveškem je 22. 7. 2011 prišlo do množičnega streljanja. V incidentu je bilo ubitih 77 ljudi. Storilec je uporabljal zakonito strelno orožje. Napad spada med najbolj smrtonosno množično streljanje v zgodovini. Dejstvo je, da storilec sam ne bi zmogel izvesti takega pokola brez strelnega orožja. Sprva je želel strelno orožje pridobiti na nezakonit način, vendar mu to ni uspelo, zato je orožje kupil po legalni poti. Iz tega izhaja, da če je storilec odločen storiti strelski pohod in mu je vseeno za posledice, bo za to že našel način. Strelske pohode je zaradi dostopnosti zakonitega strelnega orožja skoraj nemogoče preprečiti. Res je, da če osumljenec stori umor z zakonito pridobljenim strelnim orožjem, ga je dokaj lahko izslediti na podlagi tulcev in krogel. Vendar kljub temu ne moremo popraviti nastale škode. Enostaven dostop do strelnega orožja predstavlja veliko nevarnost, saj lahko impulziven, depresiven ali čustven posameznik stori nepremišljeno dejanje, katerega bo kasneje obžaloval. Poleg strelskih pohodov v Evropi, ki so sicer dokaj redki, pa se množični strelski pohodi pogosteje dogajajo v Združenih državah Amerike. Strelski pohodi pa niso največji problem zakonitega strelnega orožja. Največ smrti, ki jih povzroči zakonito strelno orožje, je namreč posledica samomorov. V letu 2022 je bilo v Združenih državah Amerike več kot 24.000 samomorov s strelnim orožjem. Več kot polovica vseh samomorov je bilo samomorov s strelnim orožjem. Zakonito strelno orožje pa se uporablja tudi za visok delež umorov znotraj gospodinjstva. Strelno orožje je prelahko dostopno, zato bi bile za zmanjšanje števila smrti s strelnim orožjem potrebne dodatne omejitve, obširnejši psihološki pregledi in strožja zakonodaja, ki ureja strelno orožje. Da bodo države lahko preprečile ali vsaj zmanjšale vpliv strelnega orožja na smrtnost, se bodo morale poslužiti novih načinov za omejevanje dostopa do strelnega orožja. V diplomskem delu smo analizirali povezavo med dostopnostjo do zakonitega posedovanja orožja in smrtnimi primeri, kjer je bilo uporabljeno tovrstno orožje. Pregledali smo slovensko in angleško literaturo na temo smrtnosti zaradi strelnega orožja in zakonodajo o orožju. Strelno orožje s seboj prinese tako prednosti kot slabosti. Z izdajo dovoljenja za posest orožja se soočamo s tveganjem, da bo oseba orožje uporabila za izvajanje nasilja. Zlorabo strelnega orožja lahko zmanjšamo s hišnimi preiskavami, ozaveščanjem družbe o samomorih ter z izobraževanjem posameznikov o prepoznavanju znakov, ki kažejo na visoko tveganje za samomorilnost. Predlagali smo tudi dodatne zahteve in omejitve, ki so ponekod že uveljavljene oziroma bi jih bilo potrebno uvesti, da bi zmanjšali število smrti zaradi strelnega orožja. Storilce, ki so storili kaznivo dejanje s strelnim orožjem, lahko izsledimo na podlagi krogel in tulcev z avtomatiziranim balističnim sistemom Evofinder.

Keywords

zakonito strelno orožje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2023
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[Ž. Burnik]
UDC:	347.171:331.526.8(043.2)
COBISS:	153290755
Views:	265
Downloads:	17
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The impact of legal firearms on mortality
Secondary abstract:	There was a mass shooting in Norway on 7/22/2022. 77 people were killed in the incident. The perpetrator used a legal firearm. The attack is one of the deadliest mass shootings in history. The fact is that the perpetrator himself could not have carried out such a massacre without a firearm. At first, he wanted to obtain firearms illegally, but he was unable to do so, so he bought them legally. It follows that if the perpetrator is determined to go on a shooting spree and doesn't care about the consequences, he will undoubtedly find a way to do it. Shooting sprees are almost impossible to prevent due to the availability of legal firearms. It is true that if a suspect commits a murder with a legally obtained firearm, it is fairly easy to trace him based on shell casings and bullets. However, we cannot repair the resulting damage. Easy access to firearms poses a great danger, as an impulsive, depressed or emotional individual may commit a reckless act that they would later regret. In addition to shooting sprees in Europe, which are otherwise fairly rare, mass shooting sprees occur more often in the United States. Shooting sprees, however, are not the biggest problem with legal firearms. The majority of deaths caused by legal firearms are suicides. In 2022, there were more than 24,000 gun suicides in the United States. Suicides with firearms accounted for more than half of all suicides. Legal firearms are also used for a high proportion of domestic homicides. Firearms are too easily available, so further restrictions, more extensive psychological screenings and stricter gun laws would be needed to reduce gunshot deaths. Therefore, in order for countries to prevent or at least reduce the impact of firearms on mortality, they will need to employ new ways to restrict access to firearms. In the diploma thesis, we analyzed the connection between accessibility to the legal possession of weapons and death cases where such weapons were used. We reviewed Slovenian and English literature on the topic of firearm mortality and firearms legislation. Firearms bring with them both advantages and disadvantages. By issuing a possession permit, we face the risk that a person will use the weapon to commit violence. Firearm abuse can be reduced through house searches, community awareness about suicide, and educating individuals on how to recognize signs that indicate a high risk of suicide. We also proposed additional requirements and restrictions that are already in place in some places or that should be introduced in order to reduce the number of deaths from firearms. Offenders who have committed a crime with a firearm can be tracked based on bullets and shell casings using a device called the Evofinder Automated Ballistic System.
Secondary keywords:	Strelno orožje;Zakonodaja;Smrtnost;Umor;Samomor;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	IX, 56 f.
ID:	19014611