Ekstrakcija in enkapsulacija ekstraktov lupine granatnega jabolka (Punica granatum, L.)

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Neja Preložnik (Author), Maša Knez Hrnčič (Mentor), Katja Andrina Kravanja (Co-mentor), Milica Pantić (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati vpliv izbranih ekstrakcijskih metod in topil na izkoristek ekstrakcije iz granatne lupine karakterizirati pridobljene ekstrakte za antioksidativno in protimikrobno delovanje ter ekstrakt z najboljšimi antioksidativnimi in protimikrobnimi učinki uspešno impregnirati v izbran aerogel. Aerogeli, zgrajeni iz biorazgradljivih in biokompatibilnih polimerov zaradi svoje poroznosti in velike specifične površine, delujejo kot odlični materiali za nosilce zdravilnih učinkovin. V sklopu eksperimentalnega dela smo pridobili ekstrakte iz granatne lupine s hladno maceracijo, ultrazvočno ekstrakcijo in superkritično ekstrakcijo s superkritičnim ogljikovim dioksidom. Kot topila smo uporabili vodo, etanol ali njuno mešanico v volumskem razmerju 1:1. Ugotovili smo, da imajo ekstrakcije, pri katerih smo kot topilo uporabili vodo ali mešanico vode in etanola, višje izkoristke kot ekstrakcije, kjer smo kot topilo uporabili samo etanol. Pri pridobljenih ekstraktih smo preverili protimikrobno učinkovanje na gram-pozitivne in gram-negativne bakterije. Opazili smo, da je minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija za gram-pozitivne bakterije 2,34 mg/mL in za gram-negativne 1,17 mg/mL. S spektrofotometričnimi metodami, smo določali antioksidativno učinkovanje ekstraktov. Rezultati so pokazali visoko antioksidativno učinkovitost (nad 90% inhibicijo) pri vseh ekstraktih, razen pri ekstraktih pridobljenih s superkritično ekstrakcijo, kjer smo kot kotopilo uporabili samo etanol (34,87% in 44,25% inhibicija) . Ekstrakt z najboljšimi antioksidativnimi in protimikrobnimi učinki smo impregnirali v aerogel, sestavljen iz pektina in polikaprolaktona. Aerogel, uporabljen ekstrakt in z ekstraktom impregniran aerogel smo analizirali z oslabljenim totalnim odbojem infrardeče spektroskopije s Fourierjevo transformacijo (ATR-FTIR), da bi določili uspešnost impregnacije ekstrakta. Metoda se je izkazala za manj informativno zaradi prisotnosti podobnih funkcionalnih skupin v obravnavanih snoveh.

Keywords

granatno jabolko;ekstrakcija;antioksidativni učinek;protimikrobni učinek;polimerni nosilci;aerogeli;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[N. Preložnik]
UDC:	66.061.3:634.64(043.2)
COBISS:	213705731
Views:	69
Downloads:	15
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Extraction and encapsulation of Punica granatum, L. peel extracts
Secondary abstract:	The aim of the thesis was to investigate the impact of selected extraction methods and solvents on the extraction yield from pomegranate peel, to characterize the obtained extracts for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and successfully impregnate an extract with the best antioxidant and antimicrobial effects into a chosen aerogel. Aerogels made from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers are excellent carriers for active compounds due to their porosity and large specific surface area. In the experimental part, extracts from pomegranate peel using cold maceration, ultrasonic extraction, and supercritical extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide were obtained. Water, ethanol, or a mixture of both in a 1:1 volume ratio was used as solvents. Extractions using water or a mixture of water and ethanol as solvents had higher yields than extractions using only ethanol. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained extracts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration for gram-positive bacteria was found to be 2.34 mg/mL, and for gram-negative bacteria, it was 1.17 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed high antioxidant efficiency (over 90% inhibition) in all extracts except those obtained using supercritical extraction with ethanol as the co-solvent (34.87% and 44.25% inhibition). The extract with the best antioxidant and antimicrobial effects was impregnated into an aerogel composed of pectin and polycaprolactone. The aerogel, the extract used, and the impregnated aerogel were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to determine the success of extract encapsulation. However, this method proved less effective due to the presence of similar functional groups in the substances studied.
Secondary keywords:	pomegranate;extraction;antioxidant potential;antimicrobial potential;polymer carries;aerogels;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 36 f.))
ID:	24781652