magistrsko delo
Marjeta Merjasec-Sellmaier (Author), Rok Berlot (Mentor)

Abstract

V starosti pogoste nevrodegenerativne bolezni in tudi zdravo staranje vodijo v kognitivne spremembe na različnih področjih, njihovo razumevanje pa je zaradi naraščajočega deleža starejšega prebivalstva ključnega pomena. Čeprav kognitivni upad v zgodnji fazi ne ovira samostojnosti starostnika, so bile že pri osebah v začetni fazi kognitivnega upada opažene spremembe določenih vidikov življenja, na primer pri procesu odločanja. Podobni mehanizmi, ki se s kognitivnim upadom spremenijo, lahko vplivajo tudi na družbena stališča, med njimi tudi na v družbi vse pogostejše populistične poglede, in posledično pomembno vplivajo na širšo družbo. Populizem se nanaša na idejo ločevanja družbe na »mi« in »oni«, na »pošteno ljudstvo« in tiste, ki mu ne pripadajo, to so lahko elita ali manjšine. Populizem je pri širjenju svojih sporočil tesno prepleten z mediji. V magistrskem delu smo z uporabo ankete in nevropsiholoških testiranj preučili povezavo med populističnimi stališči in kognitivno motnjo. Populistična stališča smo merili pri dimenzijah antielitizma, osrediščenosti na ljudstvo in drugačenja ter pri teh istih dimenzijah v povezavi z mediji. V raziskavo smo vključili 27 preiskovancev z blago kognitivno motnjo (BKM), 24 s subjektivno kognitivno pritožbo (SKP) in 26 kontrolnih preiskovancev. Z vsemi udeleženci smo izvedli anketo o njihovih družbenih stališčih po telefonu, za preiskovance s SKP in BKM smo uporabili še podatke nevropsihološke obravnave. Ugotovili smo, da so bili odgovori preiskovancev z BKM statistično pomembno bolj heterogeni od odgovorov kontrolne skupine in skupine s SKP pri dimenziji medijskega antielitizma. Pri odgovorih skupine z BKM je bil pri dimenziji drugačenja opažen tudi statistični trend višjih odstopanj v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Drugi rezultati pri dimenzijah populizma se med skupinami niso statistično pomembno razlikovali. Kljub temu je opisna statistika nakazovala konsistenten vzorec večje heterogenosti odgovorov preiskovancev z BKM v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Rezultati preiskovancev s SKP pa so bili mešani. Vsi preiskovanci te raziskave so svoje strinjanje in nestrinjanje s populističnimi stališči izrazili močneje kot udeleženci slovenske javnomnenjske študije. Dokazali smo, da obstajajo razlike v povezanosti sociodemografskih dejavnikov z dimenzijami antielitizma, osrediščenosti na ljudstvo in drugačenja med skupinama pacientov ter zdravih starostnikov. Analiza je pri pacientih razkrila še povezanost nižjega antielitizma z boljšimi izvršilnimi sposobnostmi, večjega odstopanja odgovorov pri osrediščenosti na ljudstvo z ohranjenostjo jezikovnih in z njimi povezanih izvršilnih sposobnosti ter manjše heterogenosti odgovorov pri dimenziji drugačenja z boljšimi izvršilnimi sposobnostmi. To magistrsko delo dokazuje, da se populistična stališča oziroma dovzetnost za njih s kognitivnim upadom spremenijo. Zaključimo lahko, da je upad različnih kognitivnih domen povezan s specifičnimi spremembami v družbenih stališčih. Ugotovitve raziskave obenem izpostavljajo pomembnost preučevanja populističnih stališč na ravni posameznikov in pomen ločene obravnave družbenih stališč starostnikov.

Keywords

kognitivna motnja;družbena stališča;subjektivna kognitivna pritožba;blaga kognitivna motnja;populizem;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [M. Merjasec-Sellmaier]
UDC: 616.8(043.2)
COBISS: 221671427 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Social attitudes in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
Secondary abstract: Common neurodegenerative diseases as well as healthy aging lead to cognitive changes in various domains. As the percentage of the elderly increases around the world, it is important to gain a better understanding of these changes. Early stages of cognitive decline do not affect the independence of the elderly. However, changes in certain aspects of life, such as decision- making, have been observed even in the initial phases of decline. Similar mechanisms that change with cognitive decline are also important for social attitudes, including the increasingly present populist views, and consequently have a significant impact on society. Populism refers to the idea that society can be separated into “us” and “them”, into “virtuous people” and “others”, which can be the elite or minorities. Populism is tightly connected to media, especially as the media is skilfully used to spread populistic ideas. In this thesis, the association between populist attitudes and cognitive disorders was studied using a questionnaire and neuropsychological assessments. Populist attitudes were measured on the dimensions of anti- elitism, people centrism and othering, as well as on these same dimensions in connection to the media. Data were gathered for 27 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 24 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 26 control participants. All participants completed a survey by phone. Additionally, for participants with SCD and MCI, data from a neuropsychological examination were collected. This study found significantly more heterogeneous answers in the group with MCI than in the group with SCD and the control group on the dimension of media’s anti-elitism. A statistical trend of more heterogeneity in the answers of the group with MCI compared to the control group on the dimension of othering was also uncovered. Other results on populist attitudes did not differ significantly among the groups. Nevertheless, descriptive statistics showed a consistent pattern of greater heterogeneity of answers across all dimensions of populism in participants with MCI compared to the controls. The findings were more mixed for participants with SCD. All the participants in this research expressed their agreement or disagreement with populist attitudes more extremely than the participants of the Slovenian representative public opinion survey. The associations between socio-demographic factors and the dimensions of anti-elitism, people-centrism, and othering were shown to differ between the participants with cognitive disorders and the controls. Analysis uncovered a connection between lower anti-elitism and better executive functions, more heterogeneous answers on people-centrism and better results on language and associated executive function tests, as well as between less heterogeneous answers on othering and better-preserved executive functions. This thesis provides evidence to support the view that populist attitudes, or susceptibility to them, change with cognitive decline. In addition, the findings suggest that decline in different cognitive domains is connected to specific changes in social attitudes. Moreover, the results highlight the importance of researching populist views on an individual level and the benefits of separately studying social attitudes in the elderly.
Secondary keywords: cognitive disorder;social attitudes;subjective cognitive decline;mild cognitive impairment;populism;Kognitivne motnje;Stališče (psihologija);Kognitivna znanost;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Skupni interdisciplinarni program druge stopnje Kognitivna znanost, v sodelovanju z Universität Wien, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave in Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (93 str.))
ID: 25541125