Alenka Maček Lebar (Author), Tjaša Potočnik (Author), Janez Ščančar (Author), Stefan Marković (Author), Tamara Polajžer (Author)

Abstract

Electrodes dissolution during electroporation releases metal ions into the medium, altering the microenvironment of electroporated cells and allowing metal ions to penetrate cell membrane. During cell membrane repair, homeostasis restoration or activation of cell death pathways, cells eliminate excess metals from the cytoplasm and membrane. This study assessed the effects of post-electroporation metal byproducts on untreated (nonelectroporated) cells in vitro. CHO and HCT116 cells were electroporated with three pulse protocols (unipolar: 100 ▫$\mu$▫s, 5 ms; bipolar: 2 ▫$\mu$▫s) using either aluminum or stainless-steel electrodes. After electroporation, cells were transferred to fresh growth medium and incubated for 2 or 4 h. Incubation period allowed either cell recovery or the activation of cell death pathways, leading to the accumulation of metal byproducts in the incubation medium. Stainless-steel electrodes with the 5 ms pulse protocol caused a considerable increase in iron, chromium and nickel ions in incubation medium compared to aluminum electrodes or other protocols. Metal ions in incubation medium caused toxicity in non-electroporated cells, disrupting cell cycle function or inducing cell death. The observed toxicity results from combined effects of metal ions on cellular functions and the mechanisms the cells use to protect themselves from metal overload.

Keywords

pulzna električna polja;elektrode iz nerjavečega jekla;aluminijaste kivete;raztapljanje elektrode;pulsed electric field;stainless-steel electrodes;aluminum cuvettes;electrode dissolution;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UL FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
UDC: 602.621
COBISS: 227225859 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1567-5394
Views: 175
Downloads: 68
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: pulzna električna polja;elektrode iz nerjavečega jekla;aluminijaste kivete;raztapljanje elektrode;
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: 15 str.
Volume: ǂVol. ǂ164
Issue: ǂ[article no.] ǂ108940
Chronology: Avg. 2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.108940
ID: 25968249