diplomsko delo
Hilda Zupan (Author), Darja Thaler (Reviewer), Tina Gogova (Mentor), Goranka Beguš (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Onkološki pacienti so zaradi oslabljene imunosti, dolgotrajne hospitalizacije in invazivnih posegov izpostavljeni večjemu tveganju za okužbe, med katerimi je ena najpogostejših pljučnica, povezana z ventilatorjem. Ta okužba je povezana z večjo smrtnostjo, z daljšim časom hospitalizacije in s povečano uporabo antibiotikov. Preprečevanje pljučnice, povezane z ventilatorjem, je zato ključnega pomena za izboljšanje zdravstvenih izidov onkoloških pacientov v enotah intenzivne terapije. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati in predstaviti obstoječe strategije preprečevanja pljučnice, povezane z ventilatorjem, pri onkoloških pacientih ter poudariti ključne ukrepe, ki jih lahko medicinske sestre izvajajo za zmanjšanje incidence te okužbe. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna raziskovalna metoda, ki se osredotoča na analizo obstoječe znanstvene in strokovne literature, ki obravnava izbrano temo. Literaturo smo izbirali na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril, pri čemer smo upoštevali dostopnost celotnega besedila, vsebinsko ustreznost glede na temo in namen raziskave ter izbiro strokovnih in izvirnih znanstvenih člankov. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, da je najučinkovitejši pristop k preprečevanju pljučnice, povezane z ventilatorjem, uporaba strukturiranega svežnja preventivnih ukrepov, imenovanega »VAP bundle«. Kljub temu so onkološki pacienti dovzetnejši za tovrstne okužbe, zato je ključno, da »bundle« izvajamo z dopolnitvami, ki zajemajo poostreno ustno higieno (kombinacija klorheksidina in ščetkanja), optimalno oskrbo dihalnih poti (dvig vzglavja, uravnavanje tlaka, subglotična aspiracija) in aktivno vlogo medicinskih sester. Ti predlogi dokazano zmanjšujejo pojavnost z ventilatorjem povzročene pljučnice, trajanje mehanske ventilacije in smrtnost pri tej ranljivi skupini. Razprava in zaključek: Preprečevanje pljučnice, povezane z ventilatorjem, pri onkoloških pacientih zahteva multidisciplinaren pristop in natančno izvajanje preventivnih strategij. Kljub obstoječim smernicam smo ugotovili, da je njihova implementacija pogosto neenotna, kar poudarja potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju in sodobnejšem pristopu. Nadaljnje raziskave so potrebne za optimizacijo preventivnih strategij, prilagojenih specifičnim potrebam onkoloških pacientov.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;preventiva;onkologija;mehanska ventilacija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [H. Zupan]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 239145219 Link will open in a new window
Views: 179
Downloads: 30
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in oncological patients
Secondary abstract: Oncological patients are at a greater risk of infections due to weakened immunity, prolonged hospitalization, and invasive medical procedures. One of the most common infections among them is ventilator-associated pneumonia. This infection is associated with higher mortality rates, longer hospital stays, and increased use of antibiotics. Therefore, the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia is crucial for improving health outcomes in oncological patients admitted to intensive care units. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to investigate and present existing strategies for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in oncological patients and to highlight key measures that nurses can implement to reduce the incidence of this infection. Methods: A descriptive research method was used, focusing on an analysis of existing scientific and professional literature addressing the chosen topic (ventilator-associated pneumonia among oncological patients in intensive care units). The literature was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, considering full-text availability, relevance to the topic and research purpose, and the selection of professional and original scientific articles. Results: The literature review revealed that the most effective approach to preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia is the implementation of a structured set of preventive measures known as the “VAP bundle.” However, oncological patients are more vulnerable to such infections, which makes it essential to apply the VAP bundle with specific enhancements. These include intensified oral hygiene (use of chlorhexidine and tooth brushing), optimal airway management (elevated head-of-bed positioning, cuff pressure regulation, subglottic suctioning), and the active involvement of nurses. These strategies have been shown to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in this vulnerable population. Discussion and Conclusion: Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in oncological patients requires a multidisciplinary approach and precise execution of preventive strategies. Despite the existence of established guidelines, their implementation is often inconsistent, highlighting the need for further education and practice improvements. Further research is needed to optimize preventive strategies tailored to the specific needs of oncological patients.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;prevention;oncology;mechanical ventilation;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 27 str.
ID: 26571593