Publiciteta, množični mediji in delitev oblasti

Abstract

Članek obravnava duhovno zgodovino pojma "publiciteta", ki jo je Kant izvirno opredelil kot transcendentalno formulo javne pravičnosti in kot načelo javne rabe uma, ki pa je bila kasneje pretežno podrejena pojmu "svobode tiska". Ideja tiska kot četrtega stanu ali veje oblasti je bila veljaven pojem in legitimna oblika institucionalizacije načela publicitete v času, ko so se časopisi porajali iz novega meščanskega stanu ali razreda: imeli so od dotedanjih treh klasičnih vej oblasti različno legitimizacijsko osnovo in so se razvijali kot kritičen impulz proti starim oblastnim stanovom. Toda diskriminacija v prid oblastno-nadzorstvene vloge tiska, ki izvira iz potrebe po "nadzorovanju iz nezaupanja", ki ga je utemeljeval Bentham, povsem abstrahira svobodo tiska od Kantove zahteve po javni rabi uma. V demokratičnihdružbah, v katerih ljudstvo - in ne različni stanovi - legitimirajo vse veje oblasti, bi morala biti nadzorstvena razsežnost publicitete, ki je sedaj utelešena v korporacijski svobodi tiska, nadomeščena z delovanjem za izenačenje zasebnih državljanov v javni rabi uma.

Keywords

javno mnenje;tisk;svoboda tiska;koncepti;človekove pravice;oblast;komuniciranje;legitimnost;družbeni nadzor;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2001
Typology:	1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:	UL FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
UDC:	316.77: 342.732
COBISS:	23410181
ISSN:	0040-3598
Parent publication:	Teorija in praksa
Views:	2144
Downloads:	245
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	This essay examines intellectual history of the concept "publicity", originally defined by Immanuel Kant as a transcendental formula of public justice and the principle of the public use of reason. Later it was largely subsumed under the concept "freedom of the press". The notion of the press as the fourth estate/power was a valid concept and legitimate form of the institutionalization of the principle of publicity in the period when newspapers emanated from a new (bourgeois) estate or class: they had a different source of legitimacy than the three classic powers, and have developed as a critical impulse against the old ruling estates. Yet, discrimination in the favor of the power/control function of the press, relating to the need of "distrustful surveillance" defended by Bentham, clearly abstracted freedom of the press from the Kantian quest for the public use of reason. In democratic societies where the people - rather then different estates - legitimize all the powers, the control dimension of publicity embodied in the corporate freedom of the press should be effectively supplemented by action toward equalizing private citizens in the public use of reason.
Secondary keywords:	public opinion;press;freedom of the press;concepts;human rights;authority;communication;legitimity;social control;
Type (COBISS):	Not categorized
Pages:	str. 29-46
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ38
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology:	jan./feb. 2001
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;sociology;sociologija;sociology of culture;cultural context of social life;sociologija kulture;
ID:	38460