doktorska disertacija
Robert Mavsar (Author), Jožica Knez-Riedl (Mentor), Vesna Čančer (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Pomanjkanje investicij v gozdove ne zmanjšuje le gospodarskega pomena gozdov in gozdarstva, temveč prispeva tudi k zmanjšani konkurenčnosti gozdarskega sektorja, zmanjšani kakovosti življenja v ruralnem okolju in k migracijam prebivalstva v urbana okolja. Eden izmed poglavitnih razlogov za pomanjkanje investicij v gozdove, je njihova nizka donosnost. Namreč za ekonomsko presojo investicij se najpogosteje uporablja analiza stroškov in koristi. Ta metoda presoje temelji na primerjavi celotnih stroškov in koristi nekega projekta oziroma investicije. Težava pri uporabi te metode za presojo investicij v gozdove je predvsem ta, da gozdovi zagotavljajo vrsto netržnih dobrin in storitev (npr. možnosti za rekreacijo, vezava CO2, ohranjanje biotske pestrosti, zaščita pred erozijo), ki nimajo določene tržne vrednosti in jih v ekonomski presoji večinoma ne upoštevamo. Kljub temu je socialna vrednost teh dobrin pogosto celo višja kot vrednost tržnih dobrin (npr. les, biomasa, gozdni sadeži), ki jih zagotavljajo gozdovi. Zato izključitev netržnih dobrin iz ekonomske presoje investicij lahko predstavljala pomembno podcenjevanje koristi, ki jih prinašajo. V preteklih desetletjih so se razvile in uveljavile razne metode za vrednotenje netržnih dobrin. Slednje so temeljile bodisi na izraženih preferencah (npr. metoda kontingenčnega vrednotenja) ali na implicitnih trgih (npr. metoda potovalnih stroškov, hedonistična metoda). Žal pa so te metode omejene samo na oceno vrednosti določenih netržnih dobrin (npr. rekreacija, podoba krajine), ali pa niso dovolj fleksibilne, da bi omogočale hkratno vrednotenje različnih netržnih dobrin. Da bi se izognili tem in ostalim pomanjkljivostim že ustaljenih metod za vrednotenje netržnih dobrin, so na področju vrednotenja okoljskih dobrin pričeli uporabljati metodo diskretne izbire, ki pa se še ni povsem uveljavila, predvsem zavoljo kompleksnosti uporabe. Disertacija je imela dva osnovna cilja. Prvi je predstavitev metode diskretne izbire, njenih značilnosti, prednosti in pomanjkljivosti, v primerjavi z drugimi metodami vrednotenja netržnih dobrin. Drugi cilj pa je bil z empirično raziskavo predstaviti uporabo metodo diskretne izbire. Metoda je bila uporabljena na primeru vrednotenja netržnih dobrin, ki bi jih lahko zagotavljale pogozdene površine v mediteranskem delu Španije. V drugem poglavju predstavljamo vrste gozdnih dobrin, načine njihovega razvrščanja, njihov sedanji in prihodnji pomen v državah Evropske unije ter metode za oceno njihove ekonomske vrednosti. Obstaja vrsta shem, ki gozdne dobrine razvrščajo z ozirom na različne kriterije, kot so funkcijska, holistična, klasifikacija na osnovi celotne ekonomske vrednosti in delitev z ozirom na javne in zasebne dobrine. Hkrati smo poudarili, da je uporabnost posameznega načina razvrščanja odvisna predvsem od potreb uporabnika. Med upoštevanimi skupinami gozdnih dobrin so na ravni Evropske unije najpomembnejše varovanje biotske pestrosti, proizvodnja industrijskega lesa in rekreacija. Ob tem se pričakuje, da bo v prihodnje naraščal predvsem pomen netržnih dobrin, medtem ko bo pomen bolj tradicionalnih dobrin (npr. industrijski les, lov) ostal nespremenjen. V tretjem poglavju smo podrobneje predstavili metodo diskretne izbire. V prvem delu tega poglavja smo predvsem predstavili temeljna izhodišča na katerih je zasnovana metoda. Nadaljevanje poglavja je bilo namenjeno predstavitvi uporabnosti metode, od zasnove študije do izračuna rezultatov in njihove uporabe za presojo politik. Zaključni del poglavja je namenjen predstavitvi poglavitnih prednosti in pomanjkljivosti metode diskretne izbire. Med prednostmi smo izpostavili, da metoda omogoča hkratno oceno mejnih vrednosti različnih dobrin. V četrtem poglavju smo podrobneje predstavili zasnovo empirične študije, ki smo jo izvedli na primeru vrednotenja gozdnih dobrin. V ta namen smo izbrali dva primera pogozdovanja na opuščenih kmetijskih površinah v mediteranskem delu Španije. V prvem primeru bi se po

Keywords

okolje;gozdovi;dobrine;donos;vrednotenje;vrednost;analiza;empirične raziskave;metode;Španija;Evropska unija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [R. Mavsar]
UDC: 630*9(043.3):330.133/.135:657.92
COBISS: 20847590 Link will open in a new window
Views: 909
Downloads: 192
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Application of the discret choice method for the economic valuation of forest goods in Mediterranean forests
Secondary abstract: Lack of forest investments not only reduces the economic importance of forests and forestry, but also contributes to reduced competitiveness of the forestry sector, reduced quality of life in rural areas, and to population migrations from rural to urban areas. One of the main reasons for lacking forest investments is their low economic efficiency. For the evaluation of the economic efficiency of natural resource investments the Cost-Benefit analysis is usually applied. This assessment method is based on a comparison of total costs and benefits of a project or investment. However, in relation to the evaluation of forest investments the use of this method is often hindered, because of the wide range of non-market goods and services provided by forests (e.g., recreation possibilities, CO2 sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion protection), which lack a market price, and are in most cases not considered in the evaluation process. Nevertheless, the social value of these goods is often even higher than the value of the provided market goods (e.g., wood, biomass, and forest fruits). Therefore, the exclusion of non-market goods from the economic assessment of investment efficiency may represent a significant underestimation of the benefits they bring. In recent decades, different methods for the economic valuation of non-market goods were developed and implemented. These methods were based either on stated preferences (e.g., contingent valuation method) or implicit markets (e.g., travel cost method, hedonic method). Unfortunately, most of these methods are restricted to valuation of certain non-market goods (e.g., recreation, landscape), or are not sufficiently flexible to allow simultaneous valuation of different non-market goods. To avoid these and other shortcomings of the established non-market valuation methods, the discrete choice method was introduced in the field of environmental goods valuation. Regardless its flexibility and advantages it is not yet fully implemented, primarily because of the complexity of its application. The dissertation had two main objectives. The first was to present the discrete choice method, its features, advantages and disadvantages when compared to other non-market valuation methods. The second objective was to demonstrate the empirical application of the method. To achieve the second objective, the method was applied to the case of valuation of non-market goods, which could be provided by afforestation of abandoned agriculture land in the Mediterranean part of Spain. In the second chapter we present the types of forest goods, their classification, current and future importance in the European Union, and the methods for estimating their economic value. There are a number of classification schemes, which classify forest goods according to different criteria, such as functional, holistic, classification based on the total economic value, and with respect to public and private nature of a good. At the same time we emphasize, that there are many possible ways to classify forest goods and services, and that the usefulness of these classifications depends on the goals and the needs of their user. Between the considered types of forest goods, at the European Union level, biodiversity protection, production of industrial wood and recreation are considered as the most important. Furthermore, it is expected that the importance of non-market goods will further increase, while the importance of more traditional goods (e.g., industrial wood, hunting) is expected to remain unchanged. The third chapter presents in detail the discrete choice method. The first part of the chapter explains the basic premises on which this method is based. In continuation the section describes the applicability of the method, from the study design to the estimation of the results and their application for evaluation of policies. The final part of the chapter presents the main advantages and disadvantages of the discrete choice method. Among the advantages it was pointed out that the method allows
Secondary keywords: EU;Spain;forests;valuation;evaluation;methods;calculations;research;analysis;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Dissertation
Thesis comment: Univ. Maribor, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: X, 234 str.
ID: 8716353