Mednarodna trgovina s prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami ter izvajanje konvencije CITES

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Urška Franko (Author), Katja Eman (Mentor)

Abstract

Nezakonita trgovina s prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami je novodoben pojav in tema mnogih razprav na lokalni in globalni ravni. Vključuje vsa protipravna dejanja, od tihotapljenja, ulova, zbirateljstva ogrožene živalske ali rastlinske vrste do nezakonite trgovine. Kaže se v različnih oblikah, najnevarnejša pa je tista, ki zadeva organizirano strukturo kriminala. Poteka preko neformalnih mrež, zato je njen obseg nemogoče točno izmeriti. Gonilna sila nezakonite trgovine so potrošniki, ki povprašujejo predvsem po heterogenih osebkih, ki se uporabljajo za različne namene, kot so kuhinjske specialitete, tradicionalna medicina, dekorativni predmeti za notranjo opremo bivalnih prostorov, modni dodatki ali hišni ljubljenčki. Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti nezakonito trgovino s prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami, njene značilnosti, globalni obseg, posledice in ključne krivce za njen obstoj ter spoznati novodobne tehnike tihotapljenja, ki jih uporabljajo storilci kaznivih dejanj pri izvajanju nezakonitih dejavnosti. Ugotovili smo, da so številčno najbolj tihotapljeni živalski in rastlinski osebki oziroma njihovi deli sloni, nosorogi, vrste velikih azijskih mačk, želve in morske školjke, zato smo jih podrobneje opredelili, prav tako pa smo predstavili vrednosti eksotičnih živali in njihovih delov na svetovnih črnih trgih v letu 2014. Nezakonita trgovina s prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami je transnacionalna oblika kriminalitete, zato je za preprečevanje tega pojava ključno še bolj okrepljeno sodelovanje med državami, mednarodnimi organizacijami, podjetji in posamezniki. Pomembni so tudi drugi preventivni ukrepi, ki bi pripomogli k zmanjšanju te problematike. Eden glavnih mednarodnih instrumentov za zaščito živali in rastlin je tudi Konvencija o mednarodni trgovini z ogroženimi prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami (konvencija CITES), ki poskuša na podlagi dovoljenj in potrdil zagotoviti, da se nobena živalska ali rastlinska vrsta zaradi mednarodne trgovine ne bi uporabljala netrajnostno.

Keywords

ekološka kriminaliteta;organizirana kriminaliteta;ogrožene živalske vrste;ogrožene rastlinske vrste;zaščitene vrste;tihotapstvo;preprečevanje;mednarodni sporazumi;CITES;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2014
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	U. Franko]
UDC:	343.3/.7:504(043.2)
COBISS:	2914538
Views:	1326
Downloads:	266
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	Illegal wildlife trade is a modern phenomenon and a topic of many local and global debates. It includes all illegal actions, smuggling, hunting, collecting and trading with the endangered animal and plant species. The illegal wildlife trade takes various forms, but the most dangerous is the one pertaining to organised crime groups. It is impossible to measure its extent, since illegal activities are run via informal crime networks. The driving force of the illegal wildlife trading is the consumers who demand for primarily heterogeneous specimens to be used in cuisine, traditional medicine, as decorative ornaments, accessories, and as pets. The aim of this thesis was to present the illegal trading with wild animal and plant species, its characteristics, global range, consequences and last but not least, those who are responsible for its existence. I learned about the modern smuggling techniques used by criminals in illegal actions. I came to a conclusion that animal and plant specimens or their parts, such as elephants, rhinoceros, Asian big cats, tortoises, and sea clamps are smuggled in greatest numbers. Those specimens have been specified in more detail. Moreover, I presented the global black market prices of exotic animals and their parts in the year 2014. The illegal wildlife trading is a transnational form of crime; therefore, preventing this phenomenon is as pivotal as the close collaboration between countries, international organisations, companies and individuals is. Other prevention measures to reduce the problem are important as well. One of the most important international instruments to protect animals and plants is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which on the basis of authorisations and certificates tries to guarantee that no animal or plant species are used in unsustainable international trading.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	68 str.
ID:	8730999