Nezakonita trgovina z zaščitenimi živalskimi vrstami - primer tigra

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Goran Zorič (Avtor), Katja Eman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Nezakonita trgovina z zaščitenimi živalskimi vrstami je problem sodobne družbe, ki se je sorazmerno hitro razvil in žal še vedno narašča. Zajema celoten proces od ulova in tihotapljenja do distribucije. Pojav ogroža predvsem živali pa tudi ljudi, ki so zadolženi, da jih varujejo, saj predstavljajo oviro krivolovcem in organiziranim kriminalnim mrežam. Te mreže se dokopljejo do dobička z lovljenjem, tihotapljenjem in prodajo zaščitenih živali in njihovih delov. S tem škodijo ekosistemu, prav tako pa pripomorejo k izumrtju živalskih vrst. Živali se izkorišča v zdravstvene namene, lovci jih zbirajo kot trofeje, premožni ljudje jih želijo udomačiti. Živalske vrste se prav tako ogroža s krčenjem gozdov in njihovih ostalih habitatov. Posledica tega je manjšanje teritorija, pomanjkanje plena in hrane ter večja možnost srečanja s človekom. Tigri imajo na črnem trgu zaradi svoje redkosti, lepote in zaščitenosti visoko ceno, organiziran kriminal pa to s pridom izkorišča. Za lov najame divje lovce, ki do informacij o lokacijah tigrov in o lokacijah patruljiranja čuvajev pridejo z grožnjo ali podkupovanjem. Pri srečanju s čuvaji pogosto prihaja do spopadov in posledično žrtev. Najbolj so tigri ogroženi v Aziji, predvsem na Kitajskem, kjer je prodaja zdravil, ki vsebujejo dele živali, najpogostejša. Za pravice tigrov in ostalih zaščitenih živalskih ter rastlinskih vrst se borijo različne nevladne organizacije, ki s svojim delovanjem ozaveščajo ljudi o zaskrbljujoči situaciji in pomagajo čuvajem na terenu ali pa reagirajo same. Trud in delo teh organizacij je poglavitni razlog za preživetje večine redkih in ogroženih živali. Pomembno vlogo ima tudi konvencija CITES, ki z nadziranjem mednarodne trgovine z ogroženimi prostoživečimi živalskimi in rastlinskimi vrstami skrbi za ohranjanje in obstoj živih vrst. Problem vidimo predvsem v premajhnem posvečanju pozornosti nezakoniti trgovini z živalmi. Potrebne so spremembe zakonodaje predvsem v državah, kjer živijo tigri in tudi drugod. Čuvaje narodnih parkov bi bilo potrebno usposabljati in jim zagotoviti novejšo opremo. Izobraževanje in usposabljanje bi prav tako morali priskrbeti carinikom za boljši nadzor na meji. Primarno rešitev za ohranjanje živalskih vrst vidimo v sodelovanju med nevladnimi organizacijami in vladami držav, kjer živijo tigri.

Ključne besede

organizirana kriminaliteta;ekološka kriminaliteta;ogrožene živalske vrste;zaščitene vrste;krivolov;tigri;tihotapstvo;nezakonita trgovina;preprečevanje;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	G. Zorič]
UDK:	343.3/.7:502.172(043.2)
COBISS:	3244010
Št. ogledov:	1196
Št. prenosov:	177
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Nezakonita trgovina z zaščitenimi živalskimi vrstami
Sekundarni povzetek:	Illegal trade in protected animal species is a problem of modern society that evolved proportionally fast and unfortunately still rises. It includes the entire process from poaching and trafficking to distribution. The phenomenom threatens especially animals but also people who are responsible for protecting them; consequently they pose a threat to poachers and organized crime networks. These networks gain profit by poaching, trafficking and selling protected animals and their parts. By doing so, they harm ecosystem and contribute to extinction of animal species. Animals are exploited for health purposes, poachers collect them as trophies, wealthy people wish to domesticate them. Animal species are also threatened by deforestation and clearing of their other habitats. The outcome is reduction of territory, prey and food scarcity and higher chance of encounter with human. Because of their rareness, beauty and protection, there is a high price on the black market for tigers; therefore organized crime is benefiting from them. Organized crime hires poachers who collect information from locals about tiger locations and ranger patrols with threats or bribery. At the encounter there is usually a conflict between poachers and rangers that often ends with casualties. Tigers are most compromised in Asia, especially in China where sale of medicine with animal parts is common. Various non-governmental organizations fight for the rights of tigers and other protected fauna and flora species. These organizations aware people about the troubling situation and help rangers on the field or they act on their own. Their effort and hard work is essential for survival of the most rare and endangered species. CITES convention takes care of their preservation and existence by contolling international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. Our concern is that there isn't enough attention devoted to illegal animal trade. Changes in law in tiger range countries and elsewhere are necessary. National park rangers should be qualified to fight against poachers and provided with new equipment. Education and qualification should also be procured for customs officers in order to improve their control at the borders. Cooperation between non-governmental organizations and governments in tiger range countries is in our opinion primary solution to preservation of endangered animal species.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	organized crime;illegal trade;poaching;endagered animal species;tiger;trafficking;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	50 str.
ID:	9225989