magistrsko delo
Mojca Bedenik (Author), Sonja Treven (Mentor), Damijan Mumel (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V današnjem svetu se ljudje neprestano srečujemo s številnimi najrazličnejšimi obveznostmi in nenehnim pomanjkanjem časa, kar povzroča obremenjenost, izčrpanost in s tem povezan prekomerni stres. Zaradi hitrih in neprestanih sprememb se pojavlja negotovost in pretirana zaskrbljenost, dodatne težave, ki jim ni videti konca, pa povzročajo tudi zapleteni medsebojni odnosi. Stres je zaradi vseh slabih posledic, ki jih povzroča, dobil negativen predznak, čeprav se je že v preteklosti pojavil kot telesna reakcija v nevarnih okoliščinah z namenom, da je človeku pomagal preživeti. Določena mera stresa je še vedno koristna, saj posameznika napolni z dodatno energijo in ga motivira k dokončanju želenih ciljev. Stres pa postane škodljiv in nevaren, ko ga posameznik ne zna oziroma ne zmore obvladovati, kar pomeni, da presega njegove sposobnosti. Stres je večdimenzionalen pojav. Lahko je pozitiven ali negativen, pojavlja se lahko vsakodnevno ali občasno, povzročijo ga lahko tako notranji kot zunanji dejavniki, lahko je kratkotrajen ali dolgotrajen in tako dalje. Ob pojavu stresa se pri posamezniku pričnejo pojavljati številni simptomi, in sicer tako telesni, vedenjski, čustveni kot tudi miselni. V kolikor posameznik ni pozoren na pojav teh simptomov, se lahko okrepijo in sčasoma nastopijo negativne posledice. Stres je v sodobni družbi nenehno prisoten in se pojavlja na prav vseh področjih, torej tako v zasebnem življenju kot tudi na delovnem mestu, kjer je negativni stres še posebej izrazit. Zaposlenim povzroča zaradi vse večjih zahtev, nenehnih pritiskov in povečanega obsega obveznosti dodatne nevšečnosti in težave. Gospodarska kriza v zadnjem desetletju pa je še dodatno okrepila pojav stresa v podjetjih. Predvsem so zelo ranljiva skupina mikro in mala podjetja, ki so bolj dovzetna za spremembe iz okolja, le-te pa lahko pričnejo ogrožati celo njihov obstoj. Stres je mogoče zmanjšati oziroma obvladati z obvladovanjem stresorjev ali spreminjanjem mišljenja oziroma dojemanja. Kadar pa ljudje na nastalo situacijo nimamo vpliva oziroma ne moramo spremeniti svojega pogleda na svet, pa jo moramo sprejeti. Na ravni posameznika obstajajo številne najrazličnejše metode in tehnike za zmanjšanje in obvladovanje stresa, ki se nanašajo na področja zdravega načina življenja, sprostitve telesa in umirjanja misli, spremembe načina mišljenja, dobre organiziranosti in učinkovitega upravljanja s časom, obvladovanja jeze in uspešnega reševanja konfliktov ter boljših medčloveških odnosov. Na ravni organizacije pa lahko stres zmanjšajo s preventivnimi ukrepi, spreminjanjem odzivov na stres s pomočjo informiranja in izobraževanja ali nudenjem strokovne pomoči. Z raziskavo o stresu v mikro in malih podjetjih v podravski regiji smo želeli ugotoviti: − kateri so največji vzroki stresa na delovnem mestu; − kateri simptomi stresa se pri posamezniku najpogosteje pojavljajo; − katere načine obvladovanja stresa zaposleni najpogosteje uporabljajo; − ali obstajajo statistično značilne razlike pri vzrokih stresa na delovnem mestu, pojavu simptomov stresa in načinih obvladovanja stresa glede na organizacijsko obliko, čas delovanja podjetja in glede na spol ter − ali obstaja negativna povezava med izraženostjo simptomov stresa in obvladovanjem stresa. Na osnovi teoretičnih spoznanj in raziskave smo na koncu oblikovali priporočila za zmanjševanje oziroma obvladovanje stresa na delovnem mestu v mikro in malih podjetjih.

Keywords

delovno okolje;delovno mesto;stres;obvladovanje;mikro podjetja;mala podjetja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [M. Bedenik]
UDC: 331.44(043.2)
COBISS: 12663580 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Analysis of stress in micro and small business in Podravska region
Secondary abstract: In today's world people are continually confronted with many different obligations and persistent lack of time, which causes a big burden, exhaustion and with it related enormous stress. Fast and constant changes result in uncertainty and overwhelming concern, additionally problems are more and more being influenced by complicated mutual relations. Because of all bad consequences caused by stress, stress was given a very bad connotation, even dough it had appeared in the past as a physical reaction to a dangerous situation with a purpose helping people to survive. Certain degree of stress is still helpful, because it fills individuals with additional energy and motivates them to complete their goals. Stress gets harmful and dangerous when an individual can’t or isn't capable coping with it, which means it's precedes his abilities. Stress is multidimensional phenomenon. It can be positive or negative, it can appear every day or only at times, it can be caused by internal or external stressors, it can be short term or long term and so on. When stress appears, it causes a lot of different symptoms like physical, behavioral, emotional and as well as mental. If the individual doesn't pay attention to these symptoms, they can strengthen and eventually erupt in negative consequences. Stress is continuously present in today's society and it appears in all spheres, as in private life as at workplace where negative stress is especially expressed. Employees are being affected by it with additional unpleasantness and troubles, caused by higher demands, continuous pressures and increased extent of engagements. The Economic crisis of the last decade had additionally strengthened stress in companies. Most vulnerable are micro and small businesses, which are more susceptible to different changes, so that can even start to threaten their existence. Stress can be reduced or controlled by coping with stressors or with changing one’s mind or perception. In case that people have no influence on the situation or can't change their own point of view they have to accept it. On the individual level there exist many different methods and techniques for reducing or coping with stress, that refer to areas of healthy way of life, relaxing the body, calming down minds, changing the way of thinking, good organization, effective time management, anger management, successful solving conflicts and better relationships. On a company level stress can be reduced with proactive approach, changing response to stress through informing and trainings or providing professional assistance. With research about stress in micro and small businesses in Podravska region we wanted to find out: − what are the biggest causes of stress at workplace; − which symptoms appear most often in the case of individual; − which methods of coping with stress are most often used by employees; − do statistically significant differences exist between root cause of stress at workplace, appearance of stress symptoms and coping with it according to organizational structure, operational time of the company and according to sex; − does a negative correlation between expressing stress symptoms and coping with stress exist. Based on theoretical comprehensions and research we formed recommendations for reducing or coping with stress at workplace in micro and small businesses.
Secondary keywords: stress;stressor;harmful stress;stress at the workplace;coping with stress;well-being;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: IV, 116 str., 24 str. pril.
ID: 9137627