magistrsko delo
Damjan Gašparič (Author), Milan Brumen (Mentor), Robert Repnik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V magistrskem delu smo izvedli meritve sil na stopalo skakalca pri navpičnem skoku z za te namene izdelano tehtnico z računalniškim merilno-krmilnim vmesnikom Vernier. Skoke so izvajali učenci OŠ Janka Kersnika Brdo od 6. do 9. razreda, pri čemer so bili skoki izvedeni na različne načine: iz stoječega položaja in iz polpočepa, enkrat brez uporabe rok, drugič pa z njihovo pomočjo. Pri skokih je sodelovalo 20 fantov in prav toliko deklet. Skoki so bili analizirani s programsko opremo Logger Lite Pro 3 Demo ter Logger Lite 1.4. V uvodnem delu smo opisali delovanje človeškega telesa, kosti, mišic in sklepov, ter pojasnili, od kod dobijo mišice energijo za opravljanje dela. Pregledali smo vzroke, ki vplivajo na telesne dejavnosti, vpliv utrujenosti in kondicijske pripravljenosti na višino skokov. Mnogo raziskovalcev se je v preteklosti ukvarjalo z raziskavami navpičnih skokov, saj je to eden od glavnih, ali pa vsaj zelo pomemben del velikega števila športnih panog. Raziskave so pokazale, kolikšen vpliv imajo na višino skokov zamah rok, globina počepa pred odrivom, spol, treniranost in podobni dejavniki. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili merilno tehniko Vernier in računalniške programe, s katerimi smo lahko pregledovali in grafično prikazali rezultate meritev. Podali smo načine, s katerimi se določi višina skokov, opravljeno delo in moč. Nato smo predstavili vse merilne podatke, za vsako verzijo skokov posebej in ločeno po spolu. Primerjali smo povprečne vrednosti rezultatov meritev, kot so teža skakalcev, sile reakcije podlage, čas odriva in čas skakalca v zraku. Nekatere količine pa smo izračunali iz dobljenih podatkov in jih prav tako med seboj primerjali. Zanimale so nas povprečne vrednosti, odstopanja in korelacije, to je vpliv različnih količin na višino skokov. Ugotovili smo, da so zbrani poskusi primerni za obravnavo v osnovi šoli in tudi v kasnejšem izobraževanju. S tem lahko zajamemo poglavja o enakomerno pospešenem gibanju, o delu in energiji, računamo lahko moč in pospešek delovanja mišic. Z učenci najprej izvedemo meritve s pomočjo sodobnih merilnih pripomočkov, jih nato prikažemo na zaslonu računalnika in se o njih pogovorimo, nato odčitamo podatke in se lotimo izračunov. S sodobno tehnologijo, udejstvovanjem učencev in določenimi poenostavitvami olajšamo učencem pot do rezultatov, kar jim omogoča globlje fizikalno razumevanje navpičnega skoka in jim s tem daje motivacijo za nadaljnje raziskovalno delo. Motiv za raziskavo sem dobil na mednarodni konferenci Sirikt leta 2013, kjer sem poslušal izjemno zanimivo predavanje: "Uporaba merilnika sile pri analizi skoka pri fiziki" srednješolskega profesorja Sabastjana Zamude z gimnazije Bežigrad v Ljubljani. Predavanje me je tako močno pritegnilo, da sem se odločil podobne meritve izvesti in analizirati na šoli, kjer poučujem, ter raziskati navpični skok kot enega izmed osnovnih elementov za obravnavo medpredmetne povezave športa s fiziko biomehanike.

Keywords

pouk fizike;osnovne šole;biomehanika;navpični skok;sodobna učna tehnologija;magistrska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher: [D. Gašparič]
UDC: 37.091.3:53(043.2)
COBISS: 22472200 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1793
Downloads: 257
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Measurments and analysis of the vertical jump and its use at the Physics lessons in Primary School
Secondary abstract: In the master thesis we performed measurements of forces on jumpers foot by vertical jump with for this purpose designed scale by a computerized Vernier measuring control interface. Jumps were performed by pupils of the sixth to the ninth grade of Janko Kersnik Elementary School Brdo, while they were implemented in different ways: from the standing position and from semi-knees-bend, once without using the arms, the other time with the help of arms. Jumps were performed by 20 boys and exactly as many girls. The jumps were analyzed with software Logger Lite Pro 3 Demo and Logger Lite 1.4. In the introduction we described the functioning of the human body, bones, muscles and joints as well as explained where the muscles get the energy in order to perform the work. We checked the sources that influence the physical activities, an influence of the fatigue and fitness on the height of the jumps. Many researchers dealt with the researches of vertical jumps in past: this is one of the main or at least a very important part of the elements of a great number of sporting branches. Researchers showed what kind of an influence on the height of the jumps have a swing of arms, depth of knees-bend before pushing off, gender, physical trainings, and similar factors. In the empirical part we presented a measurement technique Vernier and computer programs which enabled us to process and graphically present the results of measurements. We gave the methods by which the height of jumps, performed work and power is determined. Then we introduced all the measuring data for each version of jumps separately and for each gender individually. We compared average values of the results of the measurements, such as weight of the jumpers, forces of reaction of the grounding, time of pushing off and time of a jumper in the air. Some quantities were calculated from the acquired data and compared to each other. We were interested in average values, deviations and correlations, i. e. the influence of different quantities to the height of the jumps. We have found that the selected experiments are useful for the lessons in the elementary school and also in later education. With this we comprise the chapters on uniformly accelerated motion, work and energy; we can calculate power and acceleration of muscle function. First, we perform the measurements with the assistance of modern measuring devices and then show them on screen of a computer, talk about them, then read the data and start with calculations. Modern technology, cooperation of the pupils and certain simplifications make the way to the result easy for the pupils, which enables them in-depth physical understanding of vertical jump, which gives them motivation for further research work as well. I got the motivation for the research at the international conference Sirikt in 2013, where I attended to an exceptionally interesting lecture: "Using force plate to analyze jump at physics", of a high school professor Sebastjan Zamuda from the Bežigrad General Upper Secondary School in Ljubljana. The lecture impressed me so much that I decided to perform and analyze similar measurements at the school where I teach and to explore the vertical jump as one of the basic elements to deal with cross-curricular links between sport and physics of biomechanics.
Secondary keywords: physics lessons;primary school;biomechanics;vertical jump;modern educational technology;master theses;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za fiziko
Pages: 96 str.
ID: 9140085