Pacient s poškodbo križnih vezi

(diplomsko delo)

Anja Košič (Author), Igor Robert Roj (Mentor), Iztok A. Pilih (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Teoretična izhodišča: koleno je sklep, ki je zaradi zapletene zgradbe najbolj kompleksen sklep v človeškem telesu. Postavljen je med najdaljšima kostema v telesu in zato izpostavljen delovanju velikih sil, posledica tega je, da je eden izmed najpogosteje poškodovanih sklepov v človeškem telesu. Sklep delimo glede na sestavo na tri dele, sestavljen je iz kosti, struktur znotraj sklepa in struktur zunaj sklepa. Za razumevanje delovanja kolenskega sklepa je nujno, da poznamo anatomijo in biomehaniko delovanja. Kadar je poškodovana katera izmed struktur v kolenu, nam lahko povzroča težave. Poškodba križnih vezi vpliva na kakovost življenja ljudi ter njihovo aktivnost. Poškodbo lahko zdravimo konservativno ali operativno. Začetek zdravljenja pa pomeni hkrati tudi že začetek rehabilitacije, ki je pri takšni poškodbi še kako pomembna. Raziskovalna metodologija: v diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela smo predstavili anatomijo in fiziologijo oz. delovanje kolenskega sklepa, poškodbo križnih vezi, možnosti zdravljenja in rehabilitacijo po poškodbi. V raziskovalnem delu diplomskega dela smo analizirali anketni vprašalnik, ki so ga prostovoljno izpolnili pacienti, ki so utrpeli poškodbo križnih vezi. Zbrane podatke smo obdelali in analizirali s pomočjo računalniških programov Microsoft Office Word in Excel. Rezultati: z anketnim vprašalnikom smo ugotovili, da se poškodba križnih vezi pogosteje pojavi pri mlajši in srednji starostni skupini prebivalstva, ki je športno aktivna. Vzrok za nastanek poškodbe je najpogosteje izvajanje športne aktivnosti. Največkrat se kot znak poškodbe pojavijo oteklina, bolečina, nezmožnost iztegnitve in krčenja kolena, pri več kot polovici poškodovanih je bila ugotovljena hkratna poškodba več struktur v kolenu. Zanimivo je, da se je pred poškodbo s športom ukvarjalo več kot tri četrtine sodelujočih v raziskavi, po poškodbi le še slaba polovica. Pri vseh sodelujočih je rehabilitacija po poškodbi vezi trajala več kot mesec dni. Poškodba križnih vezi spada med zahtevnejše poškodbe, pri kateri je rehabilitacija takoj po operativnem posegu in tudi kasneje zelo pomembna. Večina pacientov po poškodbi nadaljuje z rehabilitacijo v zdravilišču. Sklep: za paciente je bistvenega pomena, da so v fazi rehabilitacije pripravljeni aktivno sodelovati, saj je kakovost življenja po poškodbi odvisna od dobre operativne oskrbe in pripravljenosti posameznika v postopku nadaljnje rehabilitacije. Pacienti se morajo naučiti živeti v okviru lastnih zmožnosti ter ohranjati svoje zdravje tako, da preprečujejo ponovno poškodbo.

Keywords

poškodba;križne vezi;kolenski sklep;zdravstvena nega;rehabilitacija;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM - University of Maribor
Publisher:	[A. Košič]
UDC:	617.583:616-083(043.2)
COBISS:	2237348
Views:	2218
Downloads:	302
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The patient with a cruciate ligaments injury
Secondary abstract:	Theoretical background: The knee is a joint whose complex structure makes it the most complex joint in the human body. Located between the two longest bones in the body, it is exposed to the application of major forces that has led to it being one of the most frequently injured joints in the body. The joint is composed of three parts: the bones, the intra-articular and extra-articular structures. Knowledge of its anatomy and biomechanics is key to the understanding of its function. Whenever either of the knee structures is injured, this can lead to health conditions. A cruciate ligament injury affects the quality of life and level of activity. It can be treated either conservatively or surgically. The beginning of treatment also means the beginning of rehabilitation that is of great importance by injuries of this kind. Research methodology: the Bachelor's thesis has utilised a descriptive work method. Its theoretical part includes a description of the anatomy, physiology and function of the knee joint, of a cruciate ligament injury, its treatment options and rehabilitation following the injury. Its research part contains an analysis of the questionnaire voluntarily completed by patients suffering from a cruciate ligament injury. The collected data has been processed and analysed by means of Microsoft Office Word and Excel. Results: The questionnaire has found that cruciate ligament injuries are more common in the young and middle-aged segment of the sports active population. The most common cause of the injury is a sports activity. In most cases, the following symptoms indicate an injury: swelling, pain, inability to extend or stretch the knee. In more than half of the respondents, injuries of several structures have been found. Interestingly enough, more than three quarters of respondents have reported having engaged in a sports activity prior to their injury, but the share of people engaged in a sports activity after the injury has fallen to one half of respondents. The rehabilitation of the injury of all respondents has lasted more than a month. A cruciate ligament injury is one of the most complex injuries, by which a rehabilitation process immediately after surgery and subsequently is of great importance, given that the majority of patients continue their rehabilitation at a health resort. Conclusion: It is of great importance that patients are willing to be actively engaged in the rehabilitation phase, given that the quality of life following such an injury depends on proper surgical care and the willingness of the injured individual to be engaged in the further rehabilitation process. Patients need to learn to live within the limits of their capacity and take care of their health in a way that prevents another cruciate ligament injury from occurring.
Secondary keywords:	injury;cruciate ligaments;knee joint;nursing care;rehabilitation;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Pages:	VII, 40 f., VI f. pril.
ID:	9160873