magistrsko delo
Tomaž Crnjac (Avtor), Vedran Hadžić (Recenzent), Igor Štirn (Konzultant), Primož Pori (Mentor)

Povzetek

V monografskem magistrskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo z zbiranjem, presojo in temeljito analizo prispevkov in rezultatov s področja zdravljenja in rehabilitacije poškodovancev s poškodbo zadnje križne vezi. Prispevke smo zbirali v ustrezni bazi podatkov v domači in tuji literaturi ter vključili tudi dosedanje lastne izkušnje pri reševanju teh poškodb. Koleno je največji in najbolj kompleksno zgrajen sklep človeškega telesa. Oblika sklepnih teles le malo prispeva k stabilnosti, omogoča pa gibljivost kolena v več smereh. Statično stabilnost tako zagotavljajo predvsem sklepna kapsula in vezi, ki pa so zaradi sil, ki delujejo preko dolgih kosti spodnjih udov, in ki zaradi dolgih ročic povzročajo velike momente v predelu kolena, izpostavljene poškodbam. Poškodba zadnje križne vezi je približno desetkrat redkejša kot poškodba sprednje križne vezi. Najpogostejši mehanizem poškodbe zadnje križne vezi je udarec v zgornji del golenice, do poškodbe pa lahko pride tudi ob hiperekstenziji kolena ali padcu na pokrčena kolena. Poškodbe zadnje križne vezi lahko zdravimo konzervativno ali operativno, odvisno od mesta in stopnje poškodbe. Izolirano akutno poškodbo zadnje križne vezi ob stabilnem kolenu zdravimo konzervativno, ker je le redko klinično pomembna. Za operativno zdravljenje zadnje križne vezi se odločimo pri očitni in večji nestabilnosti kolena. Sodobni principi zdravljenja poškodb PCL v velikih centrih, ki se ukvarjajo predvsem z obravnavo poškodb vrhunskih športnikov, nakazujejo izrazito naklonjenost operativni rekonstrukciji in to podkrepijo z raziskavami o boljših anatomskih razmerah kolenskega sklepa, uspešnejši rehabilitaciji ter gotovosti povratka k obremenitvam vrhunskega športa. V kolikor se opravi operativna rekonstrukcija zadnje križne vezi, je potrebno zaščititi koleno za 4 - 6 tednov z gibljivo kolensko opornico, ki omogoča razbremenitev kolena s potiskom golenice naprej. Skupna značilnost operiranih in neoperiranih poškodovancev pa je optimalna izvedba rehabilitacije za povrnitev gibljivosti kolenskega sklepa in okrepitev pripadajočih mišic, ki lahko služijo kot stabilizatorji kolena. Pri pregledu literature smo ugotovili, da so bila v preteklosti velika razhajanja glede operativnega ali konzervativnega zdravljenja poškodb PCL. Pomembno spoznanje v zadnjih letih, je ob boljšem poznavanju biomehanike postalo dejstvo, da lahko neadekvatno zdravljena poškodba PCL v večjem številu primerov privede do resnih kasnejših posledic. Nadalje smo ugotovili, da kljub izdelanim protokolom rehabilitacije poškodovancev v sodobni literaturi ostajajo številne neenotne in nedorečene stvari glede začetka, izvedbe in stopnjevanja rehabilitacijskih vaj. Zato smo si magistrskem delu zastavili tri pomembne cilje, in sicer: analizirati do sedaj objavljene članke in protokole o zdravljenju in rehabilitaciji PCL, na podlagi pregleda in analize večjega števila znanstvenih prispevkov s področja poškodb PCL, predstaviti lasten protokol telesne vadbe po poškodbi in podrobno opisati potek telesne vadbe s slikovnim prikazom primerov vaj. Na podlagi zbranih podatkov in z ustrezno statistično analizo le teh, smo izpostavili posamezne nedorečenosti obravnave športnikov s poškodbo PCL, z izdelavo protokola in temeljito ter časovno opredeljeno stopenjsko telesno vadbo pa predstavili vlogo kineziologa, ki lahko s svojim znanjem in specifičnimi vajami v zgodnjem rehabilitacijskem procesu pomembno prispeva k optimalni rehabilitaciji poškodovanca.

Ključne besede

šport;športniki;poškodbe;zadnja križna vez;kolenski sklep;anatomija;biomehanika;fiziologija;diagnostični postopki;zdravljenje;rehabilitacija;vloga kineziologa;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
Založnik: [T. Crnjac]
UDK: 796.01:616.728.3
COBISS: 82441987 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 688
Št. prenosov: 184
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Kinesiology treatment of athletes after posterior cruciate ligament injury
Sekundarni povzetek: In our monographic master’s thesis, we used a descriptive method for collecting, reviewing and thorough analysis of papers and results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. We created a database from the national and foreign literature and included our own experience in treating these types of injuries. The knee is the largest and the most complex joint of the human body. The shape of joints does not significantly contribute to their stability; however, it does enable multidirectional knee movement. The articular capsule and ligaments are mainly responsible for static stability and exposed to injuries due to forces acting along the long bones of the lower extremities and causing large moments in the knee area due to increased moment arm. PCL injury is approximately ten times rarer than the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The most frequent mechanism of PCL injury is a blow to the upper part of the shin, but the injury may also be caused during hyperextension of the knee or a fall on a contracted knee. PCL injury can be treated conservatively or surgically, depending on the place and degree of injury. Isolated acute PCL injury in a stable knee is generally treated conservatively, because it is rarely clinically significant. Surgical treatment of PCL is indicated in obvious and larger knee instability. The modern principles of treating PCL injuries at large centers primarily focusing on managing injuries in performance athletes demonstrate a strong preference for surgical reconstruction based on studies indicating better anatomical conditions of the knee joint, more successful rehabilitation and greater likelihood of return to the training load in professional sport. If a surgical reconstruction of PCL is performed, knees have to be protected for 4-6 weeks with a flexible knee support, which relieves the knee by pushing the shin forward. A common characteristic of surgically and conservatively treated injured persons is optimal rehabilitation for re-establishing joint mobility in strengthening the muscles serving as knee stabilizers. By reviewing the literature, we have identified significant discrepancies regarding surgical or conservative treatment of PCL injuries. Gaining knowledge and better comprehension of biomechanics over the last few years has provided an insight into the fact that inadequately treated PCL injury leads in large number of cases to serious subsequent consequences. We have further concluded that despite an established protocol for the rehabilitation of patients, numerous approaches found in literature regarding the onset, performance and progression of rehabilitation exercises remain fragmented and inconclusive. Three main objectives were set in this master’s thesis; to analyze previously published papers and protocols on treating and rehabilitation of PCL injuries, to present our own specific protocol of rehabilitation based on the review and analysis of a large portion of scientific contributions in the field of PCL injuries, and present in detail the course of rehabilitation with images of different exercises. Based on the collected data and proper statistical analysis, we have highlighted certain ambiguities in treating athletes with PCL injuries. By setting up a protocol and defining a thorough and time-bound gradual rehabilitation, we have presented the role of the kinesiologists in the early rehabilitation process, who may use their knowledge and specific exercises to significantly contribute to an optimal rehabilitation of the injured person.
Sekundarne ključne besede: sport;posterior cruciate ligament;injury;treatment;early rehabilitation;role of kinesiologist;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za šport
Strani: 94 str.
ID: 12986055