Ekstrakcija biološko aktivnih spojin iz različnih vrst gob družine Polyporaceae (luknjarke)

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Andreja Horvat (Author), Željko Knez (Mentor), Andrej Gregori (Co-mentor), Darija Cör (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Glavni namen diplomske naloge je bila pridobitev in analiza biološko aktivnih spojin ekstrakta iz različnih vrst gob družine Polyporaceae (luknjarke). Osredotočali smo se na več vrst različnih gob, nabranih po različnih lokacijah po Sloveniji na različnih vrstah plodišča ter različni nadmorski višini. Primerjali smo vpliv življenjskega prostora določene vrste na izkoristek ekstrakcije ter vsebnost maščobnih kislin. Poskušali smo raziskati, kakšni so izkoristki klasične ekstrakcije s heksanom, nato pa je sledila karakterizacija ekstraktov glede na tip MK s pomočjo plinske kromatografije. Opravili smo 31 ekstrakcij različnih gob iz omenjene družine. Od tega smo jih analizirali 10 tistih vrst, ki se najpogosteje nahajajo v Sloveniji in kažejo razne zdravilne učinke. Iz pridobljenih ekstraktov smo določali tudi vsebnost celokupnih fenolov in antioksidativno aktivnost z DPPH• metodo, kjer smo določali vsebnost biološko aktivnih snovi (fenolov, polisaharidov in proteinov). Pripravki iz raznih zdravilnih gob (sirupi, kapsule, čaji, oljni ekstrakti) uničujejo viruse in bakterije, izboljšajo prebavo, pomagajo pri alergijah ter premagovanju stresa in so učinkovita pomoč pri zdravljenju okužb, grip, sladkornih bolezni, bolezni srca. Mnoge gobe zaradi svoje antioksidativnosti in velike vsebnosti polisaharidov, triterpenov ter drugih zdravilnih sestavin pomagajo v boju proti raku, izločajo strupene snovi iz organizma, krepijo imunski sistem in razstrupljajo telo, uravnavajo holesterol, znižujejo krvni tlak in koncentracijo maščob v krvi, pripomorejo pa tudi k boljšemu počutju. Ugotovili smo, da so ekstrakti bogati z MK, fenoli in drugimi spojinami, ki so zelo dobri lovilci prostih radikalov. Rezultati prikazujejo zelo nizke odstotke inhibicije prostega radikala DPPH•, zato lahko trdimo, da MK niso tako dobri antioksidanti kot so nekatere fenolne spojine.

Keywords

trosnjaki;klasična ekstrakcija;maščobne kisline;transesterifikacija;plinska kromatografija;antioksidanti;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[A. Horvat]
UDC:	543.544.3:615.334(043.2)
COBISS:	20368918
Views:	1404
Downloads:	214
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Extraction of biologically active compounds from Polyporaceae (bracket fungi)
Secondary abstract:	The main purpose of this thesis was to obtain and analyze the biologically active compounds from the extracts of different types of Polyporaceae family mushrooms. We focused on several different types of mushrooms gathered at various locations across Slovenia, on various types of fruiting bodies and different altitudes. We compared the influence of certain types of habitat on the efficiency of extraction and fatty acid content. We tried to explore the efficiency of conventional extraction with hexane, followed by the characterization of the extracts according to the type of FA by gas chromatography. We performed 31 conventional extraction on different mushrooms from the aforementioned family. Out of these 31, we analyzed 10 of the species most commonly found in Slovenia, which were showing various healing effects. We determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity using the DPPH• method, where we researched the amount of biologically active substances (phenols, polysaccharides and proteins). The preparations made from various medicinal mushrooms (syrups, capsules, teas, oil extracts) help battle viruses and bacteria, improve digestion, help with allergies and overcoming stress and are very effective in the treatment of infections, influenza, diabetes, heart disease. Due to their antioxidant activities and the high levels of polysaccharides, triterpenes and other active ingredients, many mushrooms help in the fight against cancer; they also help remove toxins, strengthen the immune system and detoxify the body, regulate cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and levels of lipids and improve the general well-being. We concluded that the extracts were rich in FA, phenols and other compounds that are excellent free radical scavengers. The results show a very low percentage of the DPPH• free radical inhibition. Consequently, we can claim that the FA do not have as many antioxidative properties as some phenolic compounds.
Secondary keywords:	polymer processing;Polyporaceae;fruiting bodies;classical extraction;fatty acids;transesterification;gas chromatography;antioxidats;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	X, 45 str.
ID:	9161209