Vloga in pomen notarske hipoteke v slovenski pravni ureditvi

magistrsko diplomsko delo

Klavdija Renko (Avtor), Miha Juhart (Mentor)

Povzetek

Notarska hipoteka je institut stvarnega prava, ki predstavlja zavarovanje obveznosti z zastavitvijo nepremičnine, pri kateri se pravni posel sklene pred notarjem v obliki notarskega zapisa. Za nastanek je potreben vpis v zemljiško knjigo z vknjižbo hipoteke in zaznambo neposredne izvršljivosti zavarovane terjatve. V razmerju do navadne, hipotekarnemu upniku olajšuje položaj, saj omogoča neposredno uveljavitev na podlagi neposredno izvršljivega notarskega zapisa. Pri navadni mora hipotekarni upnik vložiti hipotekarno tožbo in začeti pravdni postopek, kar predstavlja časovno in finančno izgubo. Institut se v praksi uporablja predvsem med strankami, ki sklepajo kreditne pogodbe, kjer je posojilodajalec banka ali druga finančna institucija na drugi strani pa fizična ali pravna oseba. Glede na vrste sopogodbenikov obstajata dve poti uveljavitve. Notarsko hipoteko izvorno definira Stvarnopravni zakonik (SPZ), splošna pravila uveljavitve ureja ZIZ. ZFZ je leta 2013 z novelo C prinesel dodatna pravila za določene subjekte. Glavna razlika je v postopku uveljavitve - sodni ali notarski prodaji nepremičnine. Institut zmanjšuje tveganje, kar spodbuja pravne subjekte k sklepanju kreditnih pogodb, s čimer se krepijo naložbe v gospodarstvo. To pa pospešuje gospodarsko rast. Upnikom omogoča večjo likvidnost in posledično pripomore k stabilnosti finančnega sistema. Dolžnikom omogoča ugodnejše pogoje financiranja, hkrati pa jih sili k spoštovanju obveznosti in zagotavlja plačilno disciplino. Zmanjšuje število postopkov pred sodišči, kar pospešuje delovanje sodstva. Povečana je obremenjenost in dobičkonosnost notarjev, stranke pa bremenijo visoki notarski stroški. Spreminjanje pogojev financiranja in razpolaganja z nepremičnino je oteženo, vrednost nepremičnine pa pada.

Ključne besede

notarska hipoteka;neposredna izvršljivost;notarski zapis;uveljavitev hipoteke;sodna prodaja nepremičnine;notarska prodaja nepremičnine;Stvarnopravni zakonik (SPZ);novela-C Zakona o finančnih zavarovanjih (ZFZ-C);

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2025
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[K. Renko]
UDK:	347(043.2)
COBISS:	235820035
Št. ogledov:	98
Št. prenosov:	30
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The role and significance of the notarial mortgage in Slovenian legal system
Sekundarni povzetek:	A notarial mortgage is a legal instrument in property law designed to guarantee that the creditor receives payment for their claim. The creditor and debtor (borrower) enter into a contract before a notary in a special form (notarial deed), which serves as an enforcement title. To take effect, a notarial mortgage must be registered in the land property register. Its main advantage is in the execution process, as the creditor can directly approach the enforcement court to request repayment of the claim. Compared to a regular mortgage, a notarial mortgage offers financial and procedural efficiency because the creditor does not need to file a mortgage suit in the first-instance court to obtain an enforceable judgment. This legal instrument is most commonly used when banks grant loans to borrowers. Depending on the type of co-contractors, there are two methods of enforcement: one before the enforcement court and the other before a notary. The notarial mortgage is regulated by the General Property Law Code (SPZ), while its execution follows the rules set by the General Execution Code (ZIZ). Meanwhile, the Financial Collateral Act (ZFZ) contains specific provisions for executing a notarial mortgage before a notary. This institute reduces the creditor’s risk of non-repayment, encouraging legal entities to enter into loan agreements. The more loans granted to the economy, the more investments are made, fostering economic growth. For creditors, it ensures repayment on time, preventing insolvency issues and contributing to financial stability. For debtors, it provides the opportunity to get better interest rates while also ensuring they fulfill their obligations on time. Additionally, notarial mortgages help reduce court caseloads, leading to faster judicial processes. While notaries benefit from increased work, the involved parties face higher notarial service costs. Furthermore, the property owner cannot easily sell the real estate, its market value is lower, and modifying loan agreements becomes more challenging.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Strani:	43 f.
ID:	26265062