Fonološki (govorni) razvoj otrok med 2;5. in 5;7. letom starosti

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Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2013
Izvor:	Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Marin]
UDK:	373.2.016:81(043.2)
COBISS:	9826121
Št. ogledov:	1000
Št. prenosov:	189
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
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Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Phonological (speech) development of children between ages of 2.5 and 5.7 (transcription of speech)
Sekundarni povzetek:	Speech and language development is one of the important areas of development of each individual. It develops within the specified norms – with some the progress is slower and with some faster. The biggest leap in the speech development is in the preschool period. During development there are certain speech, language or phonological disorders, which are of different origin. Speech disorders that occur can be kinds of omissions, substitutions and distortions of sounds. Phonological processes that occur in the majority of children are the substitution processes, deletion processes and assimilation processes and there are several subtypes. The development of speech is affected by various factors including language environment (stimulating, inhibiting) and the specifics of the language depending on the environment (urban, suburban) in which the child lives. In the empirical part I focused on the analysis of the speech of preschool children aged between 2.5 and 3.5, 3.6 and 4.6, 4.7 and 5.7 and I have divided them into three age groups. The area of phonological development in Slovenia has not been researched properly. The research was conducted within the context of the international project Cross-Linguistic Study of protracted phonological (speech) development in children, and as part of this I recorded the children and wrote word pronunciation (transcription). A sample of children has been chosen (15 girls and 15 boys – each age group contains 5 girls and 5 boys) and they are talking in urban colloquial language of Maribor. In the analysis I was interested in the realization of words, phonemes, groups of phonemes (consonant clusters), and phonological processes that occur in speech. Further analysis was focused on the development of the Slovenian language phonemes according to children's age and phonological processes, which are the most frequently occurred at a certain age group and when certain processes are diminished. The results showed that the linguistic environment in which the child lives and language, which the child adopts, affect the proper implementation of words. Clarity, accuracy and matching the whole word with the target word are improving with age. The results of the realization of phonemes showed that first develop nasal sounds (/m/, /n/), liquids (/l/) and glides (/j/), then stops (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/), fricatives (/v/, /x/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /z/. /ʒ/), vibrant (/r/) and affricates (/ʦ/, /ʧ/). I have found out that the presence of phonological processes is higher with the younger children than the older children. With younger children phonological processes appear at the same time, while with age they disappear and become more individual.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	pre-school child;speech;predšolski otrok;govor;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika
Strani:	157 str., [67] str. pril.
Vrsta dela (ePrints):	thesis
Naslov (ePrints):	Phonological (speech) development of children between ages of 2.5 and 5.7 (transcription of speech)
Ključne besede (ePrints):	govorno-jezikovni razvoj
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	speech and language development
Povzetek (ePrints):	Govorno-jezikovni razvoj je eno izmed pomembnih razvojnih področij vsakega posameznika. Poteka znotraj določenih norm, pri nekaterih z zaostajanjem, pri drugih z napredovanjem. Največji napredek v razvoju govora (tako na fonološki kot tudi na slovnični ravni) je v predšolskem obdobju. V tem obdobju prihaja do govornih, jezikovnih ali fonoloških motenj, ki so različnega izvora. Govorne motnje, do katerih prihaja, so lahko vrste izpuščanja, nadomeščanja in popačenja glasov. Fonološki procesi, ki se pojavljajo pri večini otrok, so procesi zamenjave, procesi zlogovne strukture in procesi prilikovanj. Teh je več vrst. Na razvoj govora vplivajo različni dejavniki, med drugim tudi jezikovno okolje (spodbudno/zavirajoče) in specifike jezika glede na okolje (mestno, primestno), v katerem otrok živi. V empiričnem delu se osredotočam na analizo govora predšolskih otrok v starosti od 2;5 do 3;5 let, od 3;6 do 4;6 in od 4;7 do 5;7 let, ki so razdeljeni v tri starostne skupine. Področje fonološkega razvoja v Sloveniji še ni v celoti raziskano. V okviru mednarodnega projekta Cross-Linguistic study of protracted phonological (speech) development in children, poteka raziskava fonološkega razvoja predšolskih otrok. V sklopu tega projekta sem posnela otroke, zapisala njihov izgovor (transkripcijo) besed ter vse skupaj analizirala. Izbrala sem vzorec otrok (15 deklic in 15 dečkov – v vsaki starostni skupini 5 deklic in 5 dečkov), ki govorijo mariborski (pogovorni) jezik. Pri analizi me je zanimala razumljivost, pravilnost in ujemanje celotne besede s tarčno besedo, realizacija fonemov in skupin fonemov (soglasniški sklopi) ter fonološki procesi, ki se pojavljajo v govoru. Nadaljnjo analizo sem opravila na področju razvoja fonemov slovenskega jezika, glede na jezikovno okolje, starost otrok ter fonoloških procesov, ki se najpogosteje pojavljajo v določeni starostni skupini. Rezultati so pokazali, da jezikovno okolje, v katerem otrok živi in jezik in katerega otrok usvaja, vpliva na pravilno realizacijo besed. Razumljivost, pravilnost in ujemanje celotne besede s tarčno besedo se s starostjo izboljšujejo. Rezultati realizacije fonemov so pokazali, da se najprej razvijejo zvočniki (likvid/lateral /l/, nosnika /m/ in /n/, drsnik /j/), nato zaporniki (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/), priporniki (/v/, /x/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /z/. /ʒ/), vibrant /r/ in zlitnika /ʦ/ in /ʧ/. Ugotovila sem, da je pri mlajših otrocih prisotnih več fonoloških procesov kot pri starejših. Ob tem se pri mlajših otrocih pojavlja več fonoloških procesov hkrati, medtem ko s starostjo ti izginjajo in so prisotni zgolj še posamični.
Povzetek (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	Speech and language development is one of the important areas of development of each individual. It develops within the specified norms – with some the progress is slower and with some faster. The biggest leap in the speech development is in the preschool period. During development there are certain speech, language or phonological disorders, which are of different origin. Speech disorders that occur can be kinds of omissions, substitutions and distortions of sounds. Phonological processes that occur in the majority of children are the substitution processes, deletion processes and assimilation processes and there are several subtypes. The development of speech is affected by various factors including language environment (stimulating, inhibiting) and the specifics of the language depending on the environment (urban, suburban) in which the child lives. In the empirical part I focused on the analysis of the speech of preschool children aged between 2.5 and 3.5, 3.6 and 4.6, 4.7 and 5.7 and I have divided them into three age groups. The area of phonological development in Slovenia has not been researched properly. The research was conducted within the context of the international project Cross-Linguistic Study of protracted phonological (speech) development in children, and as part of this I recorded the children and wrote word pronunciation (transcription). A sample of children has been chosen (15 girls and 15 boys – each age group contains 5 girls and 5 boys) and they are talking in urban colloquial language of Maribor. In the analysis I was interested in the realization of words, phonemes, groups of phonemes (consonant clusters), and phonological processes that occur in speech. Further analysis was focused on the development of the Slovenian language phonemes according to children's age and phonological processes, which are the most frequently occurred at a certain age group and when certain processes are diminished. The results showed that the linguistic environment in which the child lives and language, which the child adopts, affect the proper implementation of words. Clarity, accuracy and matching the whole word with the target word are improving with age. The results of the realization of phonemes showed that first develop nasal sounds (/m/, /n/), liquids (/l/) and glides (/j/), then stops (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/), fricatives (/v/, /x/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /z/. /ʒ/), vibrant (/r/) and affricates (/ʦ/, /ʧ/). I have found out that the presence of phonological processes is higher with the younger children than the older children. With younger children phonological processes appear at the same time, while with age they disappear and become more individual.
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	speech and language development
ID:	8311834