Napačna priznanja

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Larisa Trplan (Avtor), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomski nalogi smo opisali napačna priznanja. Ker je diplomsko delo predvsem teoretične narave smo povzemali ugotovitve različnih avtorjev, na koncu pa prišli do svojih ugotovitev in smo s tem potrdili ali ovrgli predvidene hipoteze. Poskusili smo odgovoriti na vprašanja: kaj je sploh priznanje, kaj je napačno priznanje, kateri so vzroki za pojav napačnih priznanj, ter kateri dejavniki, vplivajo na napačna priznanja. Samo priznanje lahko opredelimo kot izjavo osebe, s katero prizna kaznivo dejanje z vsemi elementi. Lahko je prostovoljna izjava ali izsiljena s strani policijskih preiskovalcev. Sem spadajo napačna priznanja oseb, ki priznajo kazniva dejanja, ampak ta dejanja dejansko niso storili. To naredijo zaradi pritiskov s strani policije ali pa če želijo zaščititi kakšno osebo, ji pomagati. Vzrokov, ki bi pripeljali do napačnih priznanj je več, zato na podlagi njih, ločimo prostovoljna, sporazumna, prepričevana lažna priznanja in vsiljeno - sporazumna, ki so tudi najpogostejša. Dejavniki, ki najbolj povzročajo lažna priznanja so predvsem ranljivost oseb; pomanjkanje samozavesti, slabo prenašanje stresa, osebne duševne motnje; razvojno onemogočene osebe, ki ne razumejo vprašanja kaznivega dejanja ter starost oseb; predvsem mladostniki, ki prav tako kot osebe z motnjami v razvoju želijo ugajati avtoritativnim osebam. V nadaljevanju smo opisali posledice policijsko vsiljenih lažnih priznanj, pri katerih smo prišli do zaključka, da snemanje zaslišanj bistveno vpliva na podajanje napačnih priznanj. Kajti proces zaslišanja se v celoti snema in tako se izdatno zmanjšajo pritiski policijskih preiskovalcev, saj imajo podzavestno v glavi, da se jih snema in jih kasneje tudi sodnik in porota vidijo. Na koncu smo še opisali razvpito Reidovo tehniko, katera je v Sloveniji prepovedana, zaradi njenih kršitev človekovih pravic. Za Reidovo tehniko je značilno predvsem, da se v vsakem primeru pride do priznanja, pa naj bo le – to napačno ali pravilno. Uporabljajo se manipulacije, psihološka prisila in zavajanja ter s tem povezane prevare. Zaključujemo z zasliševanji v Sloveniji, pri katerih lahko ugotovimo, da je v preteklosti in do sedaj izšlo že mnogo knjig, med njimi tudi Policijski priročnik, v katerem bi naj bile opisane tehnike, ki bi se uporabljale med zasliševanji. Vendar se v teh opisih pojavljajo tehnike, ki so bolj ali manj sporne. Zato ne moremo točno zatrditi katere tehnike se pri nas pojavljajo. Sporne tehnike verjetno uporabljajo predvsem manj iznajdljivi policijski preiskovalci, iznajdljivi pa se poslužujejo lastnih oblik in tehnik.

Ključne besede

kazniva dejanja;storilci;preiskovanje;zaslišanje;priznanje;napačna priznanja;forenzična psihologija;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2015
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	L. Trplan]
UDK:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	3041770
Št. ogledov:	961
Št. prenosov:	117
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	False confessions
Sekundarni povzetek:	In the undergraduate thesis we have described false confessions. As it is mainly of theoretical nature, we summarised the conclusions of different authors and at the end came to our own findings and by this supported or refused hypotheses. We tried to answer the following questions: what is a confession, what is a false confession, what are the reasons for false confessions to appear and what factors influence false confessions. A confession is defined as a statement made by a person acknowledging criminal offence with all the elements. It can be voluntary or compliant from the investigators. The latter includes false confessions made by people who confess the criminal offence but are not really the confessors. They are forced to do it because of the investigators influence or to protect or help someone. There are multiple reasons for false confessions. That is why we distinguish between voluntary, compliant and coerced-compliant false confessions, which are the most common ones. Factors contributing to false confessions are vulnerability; lack of self-esteem, stress intolerance, personal mental disturbances; developmentally disabled people who do not understand criminal offence questions and the age; especially the youth who together with people with development disabilities wish to please the authoritative people. In the following we described the consequences of police forced false confessions. We came to the conclusion that the recording of interrogations significantly affects the delivery of false confessions. The interrogation is being recorded entirely and the pressures of investigators are decreasing as they subconsciously know, they are being recorded and that the judge and jury see them. We have also described the famous Reid Technique, prohibited in Slovenia due to its human rights violations. It is typical for Reid Technique that every case leads to a confession, either false or right one. Physical manipulations, coercion, deception and other frauds are being used. We concluded with interrogations in Slovenia, where we can see that in the past and up to the present many books have been published, among them also Policijski priročnik (Police Manual), including the techniques used during the interrogations. These techniques are more or less controversial. Therefore, we cannot exactly state which are used in Slovenia. Controversial techniques are likely to be used mostly by less resourceful police investigators, the other ones use their own forms and techniques.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	confession;false confession;interrogation;reasons for false confessions;types of false confessions;Reid Technique;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	49 str.
ID:	9062800