Napačna priznanja

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Informacijska varnost

Nika Lederer Ilić (Avtor), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Povzetek

Priznanja kot dokaz so poznana po tem, da imajo zelo pomembno vlogo na sodišču, saj ko obstaja priznanje, bo porota prej nekoga obsodila, kljub temu da je bilo priznanje pridobljeno z uporabo prisilnih tehnik. Napačno priznanje je priznanje krivde za dejanje, ki ga osumljeni ni storil, ki mu sledi pripoved o tem, kaj, kako in zakaj je spovednik storil kaznivo dejanje. Z zasliševanjem se opravlja pogovor, ki ga običajno uporabljajo uslužbenci organov pregona, vojaško osebje in obveščevalne agencije s ciljem pridobivanja koristnih informacij. Priznanje kaznivih dejanj običajno ni v najboljšo korist osumljencev, vendar pa mnogi to storijo. Opravljenih je bilo veliko raziskav o tem, zakaj se pojavijo napačna priznanja, in določeni so bili dejavniki pojava napačnih priznanj. To so zunanji pritisk, notranja potreba, dojemanje dokazov, omamljenost zaradi mamil, pravne pravice, nasprotovanje in duševne motnje. Poznamo tri tipe napačnih priznanj. Prostovoljna napačna priznanja so tista, v katerih ljudje zahtevajo odgovornost za zločine, ki jih niso storili, ne da bi jih spodbudiai ali pritisnila policija. Vsiljeno-sporazumna napačna priznanja so tista, v katerih priznajo nedolžni, a ranljivi osumljenci, in verjamejo, da so storili kaznivo dejanje, prepričanje, ki ga občasno spremljajo lažni spomini. Sporazumna napačna priznanja so priznanja, v katerih se nedolžni osumljenci vdajo, da bi se izognili stresni situaciji ali kaznovanju ali dobili nagrado. Napačno priznanje je lahko posledica zasliševalskega pritiska, ki ga predstavlja uporaba neprimernih zasliševalskih tehnik. O napačnih priznanjih je bilo opravljenih zelo veliko raziskav. To so raziskava, kjer so raziskali, kaj vpliva na poroto, da nekoga obsodi, raziskava, kjer so primerjali resnična in napačna priznanja med osebami z resnimi duševnimi boleznimi, in raziskava, kjer so raziskali, kateri so dejavniki ozadja, povezani s trditvami o napačnih priznanjih policiji.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;priznanje;dokaz;obsodba;osumljenec;zaslišanje;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[N. Lederer Ilić]
UDK:	343.1(043.2)
COBISS:	3751146
Št. ogledov:	611
Št. prenosov:	60
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	False confessions
Sekundarni povzetek:	Confessions as evidence are known to play a very important role in the court, because when there is a confession, the jury will condemn somebody, despite the fact that confession was obtained through the use of forensic technicians. A false confession is a confession of guilt for the act which the suspect did not commit, followed by a narrative about what, how, and why the confessor did the crime. The interrogation is conducted by a conversation normally used by law enforcement officials, military personnel and intelligence agencies with the aim of obtaining useful information. Confession of crimes is usually not in the best interest of suspects, but many do so. A lot of research was carried out on the topic of why false confessions appear, and the factors that led to the appearance of false confessions were determined. These are external pressure, internal need, perception of evidence, drug poisoning, legal rights, resistance and mental disorders. There are three types of false confessions. Voluntary false confessions are those in which people demand responsibility for crimes they did not commit without incitement or pressure by the police. Internalized false confessions are those innocent but vulnerable suspects who believe that they have committed a crime, a conviction that is occasionally accompanied by false memories. Compliant false confessions are confessions in which innocent suspects capitulate in order to avoid a stressful situation, avoid punishment or receive a reward. False confession may be the result of the interrogation pressure posed by the use of inappropriate interrogation techniques. A lot of research has been carried out on the topic of false confessions. This is a study where they investigated why the jury is about to condemn somebody, a survey where true and false confessions were compared between people with serious mental illnesses and a study where they studied what the background factors are related to claims of misconceptions to the police.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	confession;evidence;conviction;hearing;suspect;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VI, 36 str.
ID:	11211108