Regulacija poštnega sektorja v EU in dopustnost državne pomoči po pravu EU

magistrska naloga

Peter Krajnc (Avtor), Aleš Ferčič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Poštni sektor v EU je bil v zadnjih dvajsetih letih predmet obsežnih regulativnih sprememb. S postopnim in kontroliranim odpiranjem prej zaprtega (monopolnega) trga poštnih storitev konkurenci, sta se uresničevala glavna cilja poštne politike EU, in sicer vzpostavitev notranjega trga poštnih storitev in zagotavljanje visoko kakovostne univerzalne poštne storitve. Zasledovani cilji na področju poštnih storitev so jasno razvidni iz Direktive o poštnih storitvah in njenih dveh dopolnitev, ki tvorijo regulativni okvir poštnih storitev v EU. Poštne storitve so izjemnega pomena in imajo daljnosežne ekonomske in socialne učinke, zato njihova ureditev ni ostala zgolj na nivoju evropskega, nadnacionalnega koncepta storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena. S posebno sektorsko regulacijo, ki se dotika elementov, kot so univerzalnost poštne storitve, kontinuiteta zagotavljanja storitev, kvaliteta in dostopna cena storitev, varnost uporabnikov, dostop do poštnega omrežja, kar je odraz skupnih vrednot in ciljev EU, so bili postavljeni temelji univerzalne storitve v poštnem sektorju. Nadnacionalni koncept univerzalne storitve je bistven del procesa tržne liberalizacije poštnega sektorja, ki je z odpravo pravnih in dejanskih ovir uvedel konkurenco na prej zaprte (monopolne) trge poštnih storitev. Zgolj proces liberalizacije prej zaprtega (monopolnega) trga poštnih storitev, v smislu odprave izključnih in posebnih pravic, ki so ustvarjale monopol, ne bi dal želenih učinkov, zato še zmeraj obstoji potreba po nadaljnji (novi) regulaciji oziroma intervenciji države v poštni sektor. Z obsežnimi sistemskimi spremembami, ki smo jim priča v poštnem sektorju, so povezana številna kompleksna ekonomska vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na uvedbo in varstvo konkurence, in socialna vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na zagotavljanje kvalitetnih poštnih storitev pod dostopnimi pogoji, vsem uporabnikom, ne glede na njihov geografski položaj. Za uresničevanje cilje poštne politike EU so ključna splošna pravila konkurenčnega prava EU in posebna sektorska regulacija. Pri tem gre za komplementaren (dopolnjujoč si) odnos. Zaenkrat ni pričakovati, da bi splošna pravila konkurenčnega prava EU v celoti lahko nadomestila in posledično odpravila potrebo po obstoju posebne sektorske regulacije. S procesom liberalizacije trga poštnih storitve je neločljivo povezana tudi spremenjena vloga države. Če smo državi v preteklosti lahko pripisali vlogo »lastnika«, ko je praviloma sama skrbela za zagotavljanje in izvajanje poštnih storitev, ji danes lahko pripišemo vlogo »regulatorja«. Vloga države danes je bistveno bolj kompleksna, tudi odgovorna, saj mora v procesih prepletanja številnih politik, ekonomskih in socialnih vprašanj, najti najprimernejše ravnovesje za izpolnjevanje, ne toliko svojih ciljev, ampak ciljev poštne politike EU. Izjemnega pomena pri tem so tudi novo ustanovljeni nacionalni regulativni organi, ki so zadolženi za dosledno izvajanje sektorske regulacije, država pa jim mora zagotavljati ustrezne pogoje za njihovo strokovno in neodvisno delovanje. Z dokončno odpravo izključnih in posebnih pravic, ki so dolgo časa dajale podlago monopolom in bile glavni vir financiranja izvajanja poštnih storitev, se postavlja kompleksno vprašanje nadomestnega (alternativnega) načina financiranja izvajanja univerzalne poštne storitve. Izvajanje univerzalne storitve lahko izvajalcem povzroča neupravičeno finančno breme in stroške, ki jih ne bi imeli, v kolikor teh storitev ne bi izvajali. Izvajanje univerzalne storitve je v javnem interesu, zato mora država, ob izpolnjevanju pogojev primarne zakonodaje EU, kot tudi posebne sektorske zakonodaje, zagotoviti ustrezna nadomestila (državno pomoč). Pomembno vlogo pri ugotavljanju skladnosti državnih pomoči z notranjim trgom in pravom EU ima Evropska Komisija.

Ključne besede

sektorska regulacija;poštni sektor;liberalizacija;regulacija;univerzalna storitev;storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena;poštna direktiva;konkurenčno pravo EU;državna pomoč;magistrske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2016
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[P. Krajnc]
UDK:	346:339.13(043.3)
COBISS:	5205547
Št. ogledov:	1302
Št. prenosov:	159
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The Postal Sector Regulation and (In)Admissibility of State Aid in the Postal Sector according to EU legislation
Sekundarni povzetek:	In the last twenty years, the postal sector in the EU has undergone many regulatory changes. With a gradual and controlled opening of the until then captive (monopoly) market of postal services to competition, two main goals of the EU postal politics have been realized, i.e. an establishment of the internal market of postal services and a provision of the high quality universal postal service. The goals are clearly stated in the Postal Service Directive and its two amendments that form a regulatory framework for the postal services in the EU. Postal services are of exceptional importance and have far-reaching economic and social effects, therefore their regulation has not remained only on the level of the European international concept of services of general economic interest. With special sectoral regulation that deals with subjects as universality of postal service, service provision continuity, quality and affordable price of services, users’ safety, access to postal network, which reflect common EU values and goals, the bases of the universal service in the postal sector were established. International concept of the universal service is an essential part in the postal sector market liberalization process that has abolished legal and factual obstacles and introduced competition to previously captive (monopoly) postal service markets. The liberalization process itself, i.e. abolishing exclusive and special rights that created monopoly, would not have had the desired effect, therefore the need for a state’s (further) regulation of i.e. intervention in the postal sector still exists. Recent large-scale changes in the postal sector are connected to numerous complex economic issues dealing with introduction and protection of competition, and social issues dealing with provision of quality postal services under attainable conditions for all users, irrespective of their geographical location. For the pursuance of EU postal policy targets, general rules of EU competition law and special sectoral regulation are of key importance, having a complementary relations. For now it is not to expect that general rules of EU competition law could replace the special sectoral regulation in full and consequently put an end to it. Inseparably connected to the liberalization process of the postal service market is also a changed role of the state. If, in the past we could consider the state as an “owner” that typically took care for the provision and execution of postal services on its own, today we consider it a “regulator”. The state’s role today is considerably more complex and with greater responsibility as it has to find the appropriate balance in interwound processes of numerous politics and economic and social issues, in order to execute, not so much its own targets, but the targets of the EU postal policy. Newly established national regulatory authorities that are responsible for the consistent implementation of the sectoral regulation are of immense importance and the state has to create conditions for their professional and independent operation. With the final abolition of exclusive and special rights that were the bases for monopoly position and a main source of postal service financing for a long time, a complex question rises about substitutive (alternative) way of financing the provision of the universal postal service. The universal service provision can create an unfair financial burden and costs for its providers that in case of not providing the service, they would not have. Provision of the universal service is of public interest, therefore the state has to – besides implementing the primary Community legislation and special sectoral legislation – provide proper and due financial compensation (state aid). The European Commission plays an important role in a state aid – national market – EU legislation conformity assessment.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	sectoral regulation;postal sector;liberalization;regulation;universal service;services of general economic interest;postal Service Directive;EU competition law;state aid;master thesis;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	235 str.
ID:	9159000