Bistveno zmanjšano prištevni storilci kaznivih dejanj

diplomsko delo

Mateja Plajnšek (Avtor), Ivan Bele (Mentor)

Povzetek

Bistveno zmanjšana prištevnost pomeni takšno psihično stanje storilca kaznivega dejanja, ki jo večina kazenskih zakonodaj, tudi slovenska, šteje za pomembno okoliščino izvršenega kaznivega dejanja. Le-to stanje lahko vpliva na krivdo v dveh smereh, in sicer, tako da krivdo zmanjšuje (ko je storilcu kaznivega dejanja bilo bistveno oteženo spoštovanje zakonskih norm) ali pa jo celo utrjuje (ko prevladajo druge okoliščine izvršenega kaznivega dejanja, ki povečujejo krivdo ali ko govorimo o actio libera in causa). Bistveno zmanjšano prištevni storilci se štejejo za prištevne in se jim tako izreče obsodilna sodba. Da lahko govorimo o bistveno zmanjšani prištevnosti, morajo biti pri storilcu izpolnjeni določeni biološki in psihološki pogoji. T.i. biološki pogoji, ki pa po svojem izvoru niti niso nujno biološki (so lahko na primer tudi privzgojeni), povzročijo posledice na intelektualni ali voluntativni komponenti (na vsaj eni izmed njiju ali na obeh hkrati) storilčevega odzivanja, tako da so le-te bistveno zmanjšane oziroma omejene. To pomeni, da je storilčeva sposobnost razumeti pomen svojega dejanja oziroma sposobnost imeti lastno ravnanje v oblasti zmanjšana do te mere, da bi moral za dosego ravni, ki se pričakuje od povprečnega, zdravorazumskega, normalnega posameznika, vložiti veliko več napora. To dejstvo je tudi vzrok, zakaj bistveno zmanjšano prištevnemu storilcu omiliti kazen. Ker pa bi storilec v takšnem psihičnem stanju še vedno lahko, če bi le vložil več mentalnega in voljnega napora, ravnal v skladu z zakonskim predpisi, ga je potrebno vseeno šteti za krivega (seveda ob izpolnjevanju vseh ostalih pogojev kaznivosti) in mu izreči obsodilno sodbo. Slovenski Kazenski zakonik pa ne uzakonja obvezne omilitve kazni, ampak daje zgolj to možnost, ki pa se presoja od primera do primera. Zakon daje tudi možnost izrekanja varnostnih ukrepov, saj gre pri bistveno zmanjšano prištevnih storilcih pogosto za nevarne storilce oziroma storilce s posebnimi značilnostmi. Že biološki pogoji (duševne motnje, manjrazvitosti) lahko v posameznih primerih pokažejo na umestnost uporabe ukrepa psihiatričnega zdravljenja. Pojem prištevnosti in posledično tudi bistveno zmanjšane prištevnosti je pravne narave in z njim lahko operira le sodišče. Ker pa le-to ni usposobljeno in posledično tudi ni pristojno za presojanje o storilčevem duševnem, psihičnem stanju, je nujno sodelovanje s strokovnjaki s psihiatričnega področja. Tako se, v primeru, ko se pojavi dvom o storilčevem stanju duha v času izvršitve kaznivega dejanja, k sodelovanju pritegne izvedenec psihiater. Iz njegovega izvedeniškega mnenja mora izhajati ugotovitev ali je storilec v času izvršitve kaznivega dejanja lahko razumel pomen svojega ravnanja in/ali je le-to lahko imel v oblasti. Sodnikova naloga pa je, da se vrednostno opredeli, seveda ob upoštevanju vseh ostalih okoliščin kaznivega dejanja, ter poda končno oceno o storilčevi prištevnosti in posledično tudi o njegovi krivdi, ter da ne nazadnje izreče tudi sodbo.

Ključne besede

kazensko pravo;varnostni ukrepi;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2010
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[M. Plajnšek]
UDK:	34(043.2)
COBISS:	4084779
Št. ogledov:	4464
Št. prenosov:	367
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	SIGNIFICANTLY LESS IMPUTABLE OFFENDERS
Sekundarni povzetek:	Significant mental impairment (temporary or permanent) is a specific mental state of a perpetrator of a criminal act which is by most criminal law systems considered, including Slovene, as an important circumstance of a committed criminal act. This specific state can affect the guiltiness in two ways; it can reduce the guilt (when the perpetrator of a criminal act has significantly diminished capacity in understanding of the wrongfulness of a perpetrated act) or it can even consolidate it (when the prevailing circumstances of a committed criminal act are increasing the guilt or in case of actio libera in causa). Significantly impaired perpetrators are regarded as criminally liable and can be sentenced. In order to declare a perpetrator mentally impaired, certain biological and psychological conditions need to be satisfied. The so called biological conditions, which by its origin do not need to be necessarily biological (they can be obtained), can cause consequences on intellectual or voluntary component (on at least one of them or on both at the same time) of perpetrators actions, so they are significantly reduced or limited. Meaning the perpetrators ability to understand the meaning of his acts or his ability to control his actions is diminished to such extent that he/she would need to invest an above average effort to reach the level of a sane minded, normal individual. This fact is also the reason why a significantly mental impaired persons charges are reduced to a lesser offense. But because a perpetrator (when in such state) is still able, if investing more mental and willing effort, to act in accordance with statutory provisions, he is considered guilty (of course if other conditions of criminality are satisfied) and has to sentenced. Slovene penal code does not consolidate mandatory reducement to a lesser offense, it only offers the possibility which is adjudicated from case to case. The law also offers security measures as mentally impaired perpetrator are often dangerous individuals of specific characteristics. Biological conditions (mental disorders or defects) can be enough to show the importance of submission to psychiatric treatment. The concept of unaccountability and consequently significant mental impairment is of legal nature and only court can operate with it. But because it is not qualified and consequently not in jurisdiction to asses perpetrator mental condition or state it is necessary to cooperate with forensic professional of psychiatric expertise. This way, when doubting perpetrators state of mind at the time of the commission of the offense, a forensic psychiatrist is called upon to cooperate. In their evaluation it must be evidently stated if the perpetrator was able to understand, in the time of commission of the offense, the meaning of his actions or/and if he/she was able to control them. It is to the judge to give a qualitative assessment, of course accounting all other circumstances of the offense, to present the final evaluation of the perpetrators accountability - consequently of his guilt and to declare the verdict.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	reduced to a lesser sentence;security measures;expert psychiatrist;biological and psychological conditions;intellectual or voluntary component.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Strani:	53 f.
Ključne besede (UDK):	social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID:	1011412