diplomsko delo
Matej Leljak (Avtor), Suzana Kraljić (Mentor)

Povzetek

Spol je temelj identificiranja, ki nam je pripisan ob rojstvu. Binarni spolni sistem loči na moške in ženske, pri čemer pa izključuje transspolne osebe in onemogoča svobodno izražanje spolne identitete. Transspolnost je pojem za ljudi, katerih spolna identiteta se ne ujema s spolom, ki jim je dodeljen ob rojstvu. Te osebe se s svojim biološkim spolom ne morejo poenotiti in se počutijo kot nasprotni spol. Ena izmed transspolnih identitet pa je tudi transseksualnost. Transseksualne osebe pa so tiste, ki se odločijo za medicinski poseg, s katerim spremenijo svoje telo tako, da se le to ujema s spolno identiteto, za katero čuti, da ji pripada. Transspolne in transseksualne osebe se v vsakdanjem življenju soočajo s številnimi težavami, saj so pogosto izključene v družbi, velik problem pa jim predstavlja tudi vsak vsakodnevni dogodek, pri katerem morajo pokazati na primer svojo osebno izkaznico, iz katere je razviden drug spol, kot ga oseba v resnici čuti. Omogočeno jim je pravno priznanje spola, da se v takšnih situacijah ne bi znašle, vendar se za izvedbo takšnega postopka zahtevajo določeni pogoji, ki se od države do države razlikujejo. Gre dejansko za postopek spremembe imena in uradnih podatkov o spolu v uradnih dokumentih in registrih, namen pa je priznanje spolne identitete. V Sloveniji posebnega zakona o postopku za pravno priznanje spola ni, spremembo imena in priimka pa ureja Zakon o osebnem imenu. Postopek je urejen v Pravilniku o izvrševanju zakona o matičnem registru, ki določa tudi pogoje, ki jih mora izpolniti oseba, da lahko dobi pravno priznanje spremembe spola, uveljavljanje te pa pravice pa pri nas ni mogoče brez pridobitve medicinske diagnoze. Takšno ureditev ima tudi večina drugih evropskih držav in predstavlja diskriminacijo ter krši človekove temeljne pravice in svoboščine, ki izhajajo iz 8. člena Evropske konvencije za človekove pravice. Prva država, ki je ureditev spremenila in ukinila pogoj, da mora biti diagnosticirana duševna motnja za priznanje spola, je bila Danska, sledile pa so ji tudi druge. V večini držav pa je uveljavljena tudi tako imenovana prisilna razveza, saj se od osebe, ki želi pridobiti pravno priznano spremembo spola in je že v zakonski zvezi zahteva, da le to razveže ali pa da jo preoblikuje v istospolno registrirano partnersko skupnost. Kot specifika pa naj poudarim tudi ureditev na Japonskem, kjer se kot pogoj zahteva tudi sterilizacija osebe, ki je spremenila spol in želi pravno priznanje. Odmevna odločba Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice, ki se nanaša na pravno priznanje spola in na pogoj razveze že obstoječe zakonske zveze je bila leta 2014 v zadevi Hämäläinen proti Finski, kjer je sodišče odločilo, da zakonska zveza ni človekova pravica za istospolne partnerje, ampak je v takšnih primerih na voljo drugi institut, in sicer registracija istospolne partnerske skupnosti, ki predstavlja zadostno rešitev. S tem je Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice želelo zaščititi tradicionalno pojmovanje zakonske zveze med moškim in žensko. V zadevnem primeru je bila pritožnica Heli Hämäläinen, ki ji je bila na Finskem zavrnjena zahteva za pravno priznanje spremembe spola, saj je bila v zakonski zvezi in le te ni želela razvezati, saj je menila, da bi to vplivalo na njeno ženo in otroka ter bi ji s tem kršilo pravico do družinskega življenja. Sklicevala se je na kršitev 8. in 12. člena Evropske konvencije za človekove pravice, ki določata pravico do zasebnega in družinskega življenja. Pritožnica je menila, da ni v skladu z Evropsko konvencijo za človekove pravice zahteva, da se mora, ali razvezati od svoje dosedanje zakonske partnerice, ali pa se mora odpovedati pravnemu priznanju spola.

Ključne besede

transseksualnost;pravno priznanje spola;istospolni partnerji;nevtralna zakonska zveza;istospolne poroke držav Severne Evrope;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [M. Leljak]
UDK: 347.631/.64:305.5(043.2)
COBISS: 5444395 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1190
Št. prenosov: 173
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Hämäläinen vs. finland - gender change and forced divorce
Sekundarni povzetek: Sex gender is the foundation of identification, which we attributed at the time of birth. Binary sex system separates the men and women, and it excludes transsgender persons and prevents the free expression of sexual identity. Transgender is a term for people whose gender identity does not match the gender that are assigned at the birth. These persons with their biological sex cannot unify and feel like the opposite sex. One of the transsgender identities is also transsexual. Transgender persons are those who decide for medical intervention with which to change their body so that it is matched with gender identity, for which he feels he belongs. Transgender and transsexual persons are faced with many problems in everyday life, as they are often excluded in society, a big problem to them is also daily events, in which they need to demonstrate with identity card, which shows another gender, as a person in fact feels. They have a possibility to make legal recognition of sex, so that they would not find themselves in such situations, however, for the implementation of such a procedure require certain conditions, which vary from country to country. It's actually the procedure of change of name and official data on gender in official documents and registers, the purpose is being the recognition of sexual identity. In Slovenia there si no special law on the procedure for legal recognition of gender, change of name and surname is regulated in the Act on personal behalf. The procedure is regulated in the Rules on implementation of the law on the civil registry ,which also lays down the conditions that must be satisfied for a person to obtain legal recognition of change of sex, the exercise of these rights is in Slovenia is not possible without the acquisition of medical diagnosis. Such arrangement has also the majority of other european countries and constitutes discrimination and violates the fundamental rights and freedoms arising from the 8. article of the European Convention on Human Rights. The first state, which changed the regime and abolished a condition that person must be diagnosed with a mental disorder for the recognition of the sex, it was Denmark, followed by other. In most countries it is well established also the so-called compulsory divorce, because the person who wishes to obtain a legally recognised change in sex and is already in the marriage relation requires, that it dissolved, or that it transforms in these registered partnerships. As the specificity, however, may I point out also arrangement in Japan, where as the condition also requires the sterilization of a person who has changed sex and wants legal recognition. A widely quoted decision of the European Court of Human Rights, which refers to the legal recognition of sex and on the condition of the divorce to the already existing marriage was in 2014 in the case of Hämäläinen v Finland, where the court ruled that marriage is not a human right for same-sex partners, but in such cases there is another available institute, namely the registration of same-sex civil partnership, which represents a sufficient solution. With this, the European Court of Human Rights wanted to protect the traditional concept of marriage between a man and a woman. In this case, the complainant Heli Hämäläinen, who has been in Finland rejected the request for legal recognition of change of sex, because she was in a marriage and not want to unlink, as it considered that this would affect her wife and child and make her violate the right to family life. She invoked on violation of the 8. and 12. article of the European Convention on Human Rights, which provide for the right to private and family life. The complainant considered that it is in accordance with the European Convention on Human Rights requirement that they must, or be unlinked from their previous marriage partners, or it should give up the legal recognition of sex.
Sekundarne ključne besede: transsexual;legal recognition of sex;same- sex partnership;nevtral marriage;same sex marriage in Northeren Europe.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani: 24 f.
ID: 10859205