magistrsko delo
Klemen Kotnik (Avtor), Miroslav Žaberl (Mentor), Branko Lobnikar (Komentor)

Povzetek

Uporaba »mehkih« tehnik oziroma pooblastil, kot sta ukaz in opozorilo, mnogokrat ni učinkovita in posledično se s tem pooblastila stopnjujejo. Kadar je policist pred odločitvijo o uporabi »hujših« pooblastil — prisilnih sredstev, je hkrati v položaju, ki zahteva hipne odločitve, kar pomeni brez časa za razmislek in predhodne analize. Temelj uporabe prisilnih sredstev je, da se upravičenci — policisti, ki so jim zaupana takšna pooblastila ravnajo v skladu s pozitivno zakonodajo. Policist mora pri uporabi pooblastil, oziroma prisilnih sredstev, ravnati taktično in preudarno, hkrati pa s posebno čustveno distanco do problema. Ravnati mora v skladu z načeli: zakonitosti, sorazmernosti, strokovnosti, humanega ravnanja in še z drugimi »operativnimi« načeli. Policist za potrebe doseganja nalog izbira med ustreznimi pooblastili, ki so najpogosteje represivno naravnana. Da do uporabe teh pooblastil pride, so potrebni tudi napori zakonodajalca. Slednji je tisti, ki določa, kdo in pod kakšnimi pogoji lahko uporablja represivne ukrepe. Zaradi geografsko in družbenopolitičnega položaja, oziroma razvoja demokratičnosti družbe, je tudi zakonodajalec izgubil samovoljnost pri odločanju in določanju represivnih ukrepov. Tako tudi zakonodajalec ne more zaobiti vseh zgoraj naštetih načel, temeljev postavljenih v naši državi — ustavi in »pravil« mednarodnih organizacij, pri katerih se je država zavezala, da jih bo spoštovala in jih takšna tudi sprejemala (EU, OZN, idr.). Opisano je del raziskovanja in obravnave v prvi polovici te naloge, ki omogoča lažji vpogled in razumevanje v prisilna sredstva, ki so zakonsko na razpolago, ta sredstva so: sredstva za vklepanje in vezanje, telesna sila, plinski razpršilec, palica, električni paralizator, službeni pes, sredstva za prisilno ustavljanje prevoznih sredstev, konjenica, posebna motorna vozila, vodni curek, plinska sredstva in druga z zakonom določena sredstva za pasivizacijo ter strelno orožje. Takšna in druga sredstva se uporabljajo tudi v vojaške namene, vendar s popolnoma drugačnim namenom oziroma želenim učinkom določenega sredstva. Cilj policijske naloge v smislu uporabe prisilnih sredstev se kaže v tem, da zakon izraža potrebo po preprečitvi in odvrnitvi določene nevarnosti ali napada in ne uničenje sovražnika ali predmeta. Uničenje ali smrt je v primeru uporabe prisilnih sredstev v policiji zgolj neželena posledica. Da pa bi bilo teh vrst neželenih posledic vse manj, so v prvi vrsti svetovne nevladne organizacije in strokovna javnost nakazale potrebo po manj smrtonosnih, neubojnih, manj kot ubojnih in še podobno poimenovanih sredstvih. V drugem delu naloge so opisana in analizirana prisilna sredstva, ki so manj smrtonosna in primerna za uporabo v policiji. Pregled relevantne literature je pokazal, da so najbolj pogosto obravnavana manj smrtonosna sredstva (tudi v tujini) električni paralizator, plinski razpršilec s poudarkom na poprovem koncentratu, različni manj smrtonosni izstrelki ter nekatera druga sredstva, ki pa zaradi okoliščin še niso primerna za enakovredno obravnavo. V zaključnem delu je predstavljeno vrednotenje hipotez, predstavljene so ugotovitve s smotrnimi rešitvami, potrjena je domneva, da je v domeni države tudi razvoj manj smrtonosnih sredstev — telesne sile.

Ključne besede

policija;policijsko delo;prisilna sredstva;magistrska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik: [K. Kotnik]
UDK: 351.741(043.2)
COBISS: 3413738 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1822
Št. prenosov: 195
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Development and the use of less lethal instruments of restrain in police
Sekundarni povzetek: The use of "soft" measures i.e. of an authorization, like an instruction or a warning, isn't always effective. Consequently, the authorization is fortified. When a police officer is faced with a decision about using a "stricter" authorization i.e. coercive measures, he is then in the position which calls for an instant reaction. This means that there is no time for reflection or prior analysis. The basis for the use of coercive measures are actions based on the positive legislation - these are employed by the police officers who are entrusted with these authorizations. A police officer who makes use of an authorization/coercive means is obliged to act tactfully and wisely. At the same time he needs to keep an emotional distance from the problem at hand. He is obliged to act in line with the following principles: lawfulness, proportionality, professional competence, humane treatment and other "operating" principles. In order to carry out the necessary task a police officer chooses among respective authorizations which are mostly repressive-oriented. For this use of authorizations to be avoided certain efforts on the part of the legislator are needed. It is the legislator who determines under what circumstances the repressive measures might be taken and who may use them. The legislator has lost his autonomy in relation to arbitrarily deciding upon and determining respective coercive measures. That occurred due to the geographic and socio - political situation i.e. the evolution of democracy in a society. Therefore the legislator cannot bypass all the principles listed above. These foundations were laid in our country. Slovenia is bound to respect the constitution and the rules formed by international organizations (EU, UN, etc.). In the first part of this thesis there is a description of the research and the discussion which enables an easier insight into coercive measures. These are at disposal by the law and they are the following: the means for handcuffing and bondage, physical force, a gas diffuser, a stick, an electric paralyser, a police dog, the means of a vehicle ambush, cavalry, special motor vehicles, a water cannon, various gas agents, firearms and other means which are specified by the law for the purpose of law enforcement. These, as well as some other instruments or measures are employed for the military purposes yet with different objectives or outcome in mind. The aim of the police assignment in the sense of using the coercive means is indicated by the following: the law intends to stop or deter from a certain danger or an attack and does not intend to destroy neither the subjects nor the objects. The destruction or death in the case of employment of coercive measures is only an unwanted side effect. To limit the number of these unwanted consequences the world non-governmental organizations as well as the professional public have indicated the need for the less lethal and non-lethal means. In the second part of the theses there are a presentation and an analysis of the agents/means which are less lethal and appropriate for the police. It has been shown in the corresponding writings and literature that the most common discussions deal with the less lethal means (also abroad), namely, electric paralyser, gas diffuser - mostly pepper spray, various less lethal shots/projectiles and some other means. These other means, due to the present circumstances, are momentarily not ready for an equal discussion. In the conclusion there is a presentation of the evaluation of the hypothesis and the findings together with the meaningful solutions. The hypotheses has been confirmed, namely, that in the domain of the authorities there will be accent on developing less lethal instruments - namely the physical force.
Sekundarne ključne besede: the police;a legislator;an authorization;coercive measures;less lethal.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede
Strani: X, 65 str.
ID: 10860779