magistrsko delo
Natalija Cigut (Avtor), Darko Friš (Mentor)

Povzetek

Prekmurci so pred prvo svetovno vojno in v času velike vojne živeli v okviru avstro-ogrske monarhije. Prekmurje je pripadalo ogrski polovici države in vse do dualistične ureditve (1867) so Prekmurci živeli mirno vsakdanje življenje. Po uvedbi dualizma je bil pritisk madžarizacije vedno večji. Najbolj so se madžarizaciji upirali prekmurski katoliški duhovniki (Franc Ivanocy, Jožef Klekl st.), ki so za sabo potegnili tudi nekatere ostale Prekmurce. V času prve svetovne vojne se je tudi med nekaterimi prekmurskimi Slovenci pojavila želja po združitvi Prekmurja z matičnim narodom, vendar pa t. i. deklaracijsko gibanje ni dobilo večjega odmeva. Številni Prekmurci so namreč še vedno verjeli v obstoj dolgoletne habsburške vladavine. Prekmurje je po prvi svetovni vojni pripadlo Madžarski. V okviru nove madžarske države so Prekmurci ostali vse do avgusta leta 1919, ko je bilo Prekmurje priključeno h Kraljevini SHS. Sprva se prekmurski Slovenci niso vidneje zavzeli za ureditev svojega položaja, saj niso bili politično organizirani in tudi gospodarski ter socialni položaj Prekmurja je bil slab. Madžarska oblast je na vse možne načine skušala zajeziti vpliv "jugoslovanstva" in je skušala s t. i. vendsko teorijo prepričati Prekmurce, da niso Slovenci. Madžarska vlada je Prekmurcem obljubljala tudi avtonomijo, s čimer jih je želela obdržati znotraj svoje države. Vendar pa je bila želja Prekmurcev po združitvi z matičnim narodom vedno večja. Veliko sta k temu pripomogla Rudolf Maister ter Narodni svet za Štajersko. Slednji je organiziral shode, na katere so prišli tudi nekateri Prekmurci in se tam javno izrekli za Slovence ter zahtevali združitev Prekmurja z matično državo. Položaj Prekmurcev se je bistveno poslabšal v času komunistične oblasti na Madžarskem. OB slabem gospodarskem položaju se je povečalo tudi nasilje nad prekmurskim prebivalstvom. Rešitev prekmurskega vprašanja je obljubljal Vilmoš Tkalec, takratni namestnik ljudskega komisarja za Slovensko krajino. Njegovo delovanje v Prekmurju pa ni temeljilo na rešitvi položaja prekmurskih Slovencev, temveč je Tkalec želel pridobiti čim večjo avtonomijo Slovenske krajine, od koder naj bi se širila protirevolucija, ki so jo iz tujine vodili predstavniki predvojnega madžarskega režima. Njihov poglavitni cilj je bil padec komunistične vlade na Madžarskem in vzpostavitev starega reda. Pod pretvezo, da želi rešiti položaj prekmurskih Slovencev, je Tkalec obljubljal združitev Prekmurja oz. Slovenske krajine s Kraljevino SHS ali pa z Avstrijo. V ta namen je organiziral vojaške čete in 29. maja 1919 razglasil Mursko republiko. Slednja ni obstajala dolgo, saj si Tkalec ni zagotovil vojaške pomoči iz Avstrije ali Kraljevine SHS in je bil posledično hitro poražen. Murska republika je, kljub kratkemu obstoju, zamajala tla pod komunistično oblastjo. Po porazu Tkalčevih čet se je v Prekmurju znova vzpostavila komunistična oblast, ki pa je bila tokrat pri izvajanju oblasti doslednejša. Da bi se izognila novim incidentom, je pomilostila sodelujoče pri prevratu. Čeprav se je staro stanje na Madžarskem vzpostavilo hitro, pa je kmalu sledil padec komunističnega režima. V Prekmurju so oblast prevzeli predstavniki predvojnega režima, ki pa oblasti niso mogli vzpostaviti, saj so na pariški mirovni konferenci sprejeli, da Prekmurje pripade Kraljevini SHS.

Ključne besede

magistrska dela;Prekmurje;Slovenska krajina;Murska republika;Madžarska sovjetska republika;Tkalec;Vilmoš;1894-1950;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UM FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Založnik: [N. Cigut]
UDK: 94(497.4Prekmurje)"19":070(043.2)
COBISS: 23512328 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1296
Št. prenosov: 215
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: ǂThe ǂestablishment of Republic of Prekmurje in light of concurrent print media
Sekundarni povzetek: Before and during the First World War, the people of Prekmurje lived under administration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Prekmurje region belonged to the Hungarian half of the empire and until the Dual Monarchy (1867), the residents of Prekmurje had lived a happy everyday life. After the establishment of the Dual Monarchy, the pressure of Magyarization grew stronger. The ones who opposed the process of Magyarization the most were Prekmurje's catholic priests (Franc Ivanocy, Jožef Klekl Sr.), who were followed by some other residents. During the First World War, the wish to unite Prekmurje with the mother nation had emerged among some Slovenes in Prekmurje; however, the so-called Declaration Movement did not gain greater recognition. Many residents of Prekmurje still had faith in the existence of the long-standing Habsburg Monarchy. After the First World War, Prekmurje belonged to Hungary. The people of Prekmurje had remained under the Hungarian state until August 1919, when Prekmurje was annexed to the Kingdom of SHS. At first, the Slovenes in Prekmurje did not visibly engage in establishing their position, for they were not politically organized, and the economic and social situation was bad as well. The Hungarian authority tried to restrain the influence of "Yugoslavianism" and was convincing the people of Prekmurje, with the so-called Wendish theory, that they were not Slovenes. The Hungarian government was also promising autonomy to the people of Prekmurje, with which they wanted to keep the people inside their state. However, the wish to unite with their mother nation grew stronger among the people of Prekmurje. Rudolf Maister and the National Council for Styria contributed greatly to that. The Council organized gatherings, which were visited by the people of Prekmurje, who publicly declared their Slovene nationality and demanded the union of Prekmurje with its homeland. The position of the residents of Prekmurje aggravated at the time of the Communist authority in Hungary. Along with poor economic situation, the violence towards the residents of Prekmurje also intensified. The solution of the Prekmurje Question was promised by Vilmoš Tkalec, a deputy commissioner for the Slovenska krajina. Yet, his activity in Prekmurje was not based on solving the position of Slovenes in Prekmurje; rather, Tkalec wished to achieve the greatest possible autonomy of Slovenska krajina, from which the anti-revolution, lead from abroad by the representatives of the pre-war Hungarian regime, would supposedly spread. Their main goals were the fall of the Communist government in Hungary and the establishment of the old order. Under the pretence of solving the situation of Slovenes in Prekmurje, Tkalec promised the union of Prekmurje and the entire Slovenska Krajina with the Kingdom of SHS or Austria. In light of that, he organised military troops and declared the Republic of Prekmurje (Murska republika) in 29 May, 1919. The Republic did not last long, for Tkalec did not ensure the help from Austria and the Kingdom of SHS and was hence quickly defeated. Despite its short existence, The Republic of Prekmurje shook the ground beneath the Communist authority. After the defeat of Tkalec's troops, Prekmurje faced the reestablishment of the Communist dominion, which was then more consistent in executing its authority. In order to avoid new incidents, it also pardoned the participants in the overthrow. Even though the old conditions had quickly been restored in Hungary, the fall of the Communist regime followed soon after. In Prekmurje, the authority was taken over by the representatives of the pre-war regime, who could not establish their dominion, for the Paris Peace Conference determined that Prekmurje should belong to the Kingdom of SHS.
Sekundarne ključne besede: master theses;Prekmurje;Slovenska krajina;Republic of Prekmurje;Hungarian Soviet Republic;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za zgodovino
Strani: II, 91 f.
ID: 10867836