Study of yeast biodiversity potential in the development of biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi in viticulture

Melita Sternad Lemut (Avtor), A. Rowland (Avtor), Urban Česnik (Avtor), Lorena Butinar (Avtor)

Povzetek

Despite public’s growing concerns for human health and environmental pollution, synthetic fungicides are still preferred and massively used for the protection of agricultural crop plants against fungal diseases. However, more and more research is focused on finding potential alternatives in the form of effective biological control agents. Although there are reports of yeast’s biocontrol activity, they are up to date poorly commercialized for such purposes. As the yeasts represent an important part of the grape microflora, competing with other microorganisms (including pathogens) for nutrients and space, we decided to examine the potential of autochthonous yeasts as "green" alternatives in fighting against phytopathogens such as Botrytis cinerea in viticulture. With this aim we tested biocontrol activity of various strains / species of indigenous wine yeasts that were isolated from the vineyard environment in Slovenia and cross-border Italy. The yeasts were tested for the presence of siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase, β-glucosidase and β-glucanase) and sensitivity to fungicides (copper, iprodion, cyprodinil + fludioxonil combination). The tests of phytopathogenic fungi growth inhibition in the presence of antagonistic yeast were also performed. The double Petri dish test was used to verify the inhibition of conidia germination by the formation of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOC), synthetized by the antagonistic yeasts. The presence of hydrolytic enzymes was confirmed in many wine yeasts, particularly in the strains of Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima species and in some strains of the Pichia genus. Using a medium, based on natural diluted grape juice in a double Petri dish test, we found that yeasts of the Debaryomyces hansenii, Lachancea thermotolerans, P. kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, S. cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii species were able to inhibit the germination of fungal conidia at the expense of the VOC formation. However, none of the up to date tested yeasts formed siderophores. On the other hand, the yeasts were generally resistant to the tested fungicide concentrations, thus they could be used as potential biofungicides in the combination with chemical fungicides.

Ključne besede

yeasts;biocontrol;Botrytis cinerea;viticulture;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	1.12 - Objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci
Organizacija:	UNG - Univerza v Novi Gorici
UDK:	634.8+663.2
COBISS:	4950267
Št. ogledov:	3803
Št. prenosov:	0
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

URN:	URN:SI:UNG
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Delo ni kategorizirano
Strani:	Str. 20
ID:	10877174