magistrsko delo
Vesna Blatnik (Avtor), Vesna Štemberger (Mentor)

Povzetek

Obseg gibanja in želja po športnem udejstvovanju upadata po vsem svetu. Slabša se tudi zdravstveno stanje otrok in mladostnikov, saj je vse več čezmerno hranjenih in debelih otrok. Glavni krivec za to je sedeč način življenja, ki je čedalje bolj razširjen. Za vse ljudi, ne le za otroke in mladostnike, je tako za vzpostavljanje kot tudi za ohranjanje zdravja potrebna zadostna gibalna aktivnost. Glede na to, da otroci in mladostniki precej časa preživijo v šoli in da marsikomu od njih predmet šport predstavlja edino aktivnost, ki jo je deležen, je pomembno, da je pouk športa kar se da kvaliteten. Mladi se po gibalnih sposobnostih zelo razlikujejo med seboj in to dejstvo je potrebno pri pouku športa upoštevati. Ni prav, da pouk poteka za vse otroke in mladostnike na enak način. Potrebne so posamezne prilagoditve. Teh ne potrebujejo le učenci s posebnimi potrebami, kamor sodijo gibalno ovirani, slepi in slabovidni, gluhi in naglušni, otroci z duševnimi motnjami itd., ampak tudi debeli in prekomerno težki otroci, ki jih telesna teža prav tako na nek način ovira pri gibanju. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela smo podrobneje predstavili problema debelosti in prekomerne teže, ki sta v današnjem času zelo aktualna. Predstavili smo pomen gibanja za zdravje in povzeli izsledke preteklih raziskav, ki se navezujejo na razširjenost debelosti po svetu in v Sloveniji ter na gibalne sposobnosti debelih in prekomerno težkih otrok. Navedli smo značilnosti in načine diferenciacije in individualizacije pri pouku s poudarkom na predmetu šport. V empiričnem delu je sodelovalo 23 učiteljic razrednega pouka iz ljubljanskih osnovnih šol, ki poučujejo predmet šport. Zanimalo nas je, ali učitelji razrednega pouka pogosto prilagajajo pouk športa debelim in prekomerno težkim učencem, kakšen vpliv imajo po njihovem mnenju prilagoditve na te učence in kaj menijo o uporabnosti priročnika z naslovom Prilagoditve vsebin pri predmetu šport debelim in prekomerno težkim učencem v prvem in drugem triletju. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da več kot polovica vprašanih učiteljic pouk športa pogosto prilagaja. Najpogosteje prilagajajo tek, preval naprej in nazaj ter vaje, ki zahtevajo veliko število ponovitev (npr. skoki s kolebnico, gimnastične vaje za moč). Tek prilagajajo tako, da skrajšajo razdaljo oz. čas teka ali pa dovolijo, da učenci tek kombinirajo s hojo; pri prevalu naprej in nazaj naredijo klančino in učencem rečejo, naj pristanejo na kolenih; pri vajah, ki zahtevajo veliko število ponovitev, pa število le-teh zmanjšajo. Večina učiteljic meni, da imajo prilagoditve na debele in prekomerno težke učence pozitiven vpliv. Izpostavile so predvsem to, da je učenec pri prilagojenih vajah uspešnejši, kar pozitivno vpliva na njegovo samopodobo in da s prilagoditvami učencem postavimo cilje, ki jih lahko dosežejo. Kar se tiče uporabnosti priročnika, je bila večina učiteljic podobnega mnenja. Menijo, da je priročnik uporaben, pregleden in poglobljen.

Ključne besede

debelost;prekomerna telesna teža;gibalna aktivnost;predmet šport;prilagoditev;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [V. Blatnik]
UDK: 796:373.3(043.3)
COBISS: 11865929 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 854
Št. prenosov: 156
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Adapting lessons to obese and overweight students in the first and second triad of elementary school
Sekundarni povzetek: The amount of movement and the desire to participate in sports activities are declining all over the world. The health situation of children and adolescents is worsening and consequently there are growing numbers of obese, overweight children. The main reason for this is a fast spreading sedentary lifestyle. To establish and maintain a healthy life it is important to partake in a sufficient amount of various physical activities. Nowadays, children and adolescents spend a considerable amount of time at school; additionally school subject Physical Education presents the only physical activity for many of them and hence it is of utmost importance that time for sports is spent in a quality way. Adolescents differ in their motor abilities and this is important to consider at Physical Education class. It is not correct to treat all children and adolescents in the same manner. Some specific adjustments are required. They are important not only for children with special needs – here we include physically impaired children, blind and partially sighted, deaf and hard-of-hearing, children with mental disabilities and also obese children and children with excess body weight. Their excess weight is definitely a factor that prevents them from moving. The theoretical part of my Master’s thesis presents the problems of obesity and excess weight in details; these are two omnipresent concepts in our society. We present the importance of exercising for health. We summarize the findings of previous studies, which dealt with the issue of fast-spreading trend in obesity worldwide as well as in Slovenia. We also made a summary of those studies that examined the motor abilities of obese, overweigh children. We listed the characteristics and types of differentiations as well as individualizations that can be carried out in school, especially at Physical Education class. Twenty-three primary school teachers from various primary schools in Ljubljana, all of who teach Physical Education, participated in the empirical part of the thesis. We were interested in three things: how often they modify the curriculum of Physical Education to adjust classes to obese, overweight children, what are the influences of those adjustments and what is their opinion on the manual Prilagoditve vsebin pri predmetu šport debelim in prekomernim učencem v prvem in drugem triletju. The results of the survey show that more than a half of all teachers often adjust the classes to meet the needs of pupils. Most often they adjust running, front roll, back roll and exercises that demand a large number of repetitions (for example: rope jumping, gymnastic exercises for strength). Running is modified by shortening the distance the pupils have to run. Time of active running is often shortened; running is combined with walking periods. Front and back roll are modified with the help of an incline, which makes it easier for pupils to make a flip; additionally pupils are asked to land on their knees. Exercises that demand a large number of repetition are modified by lessening the number of repetitions. The majority of teachers is of an opinion that those adjustments have a positive influence on obese, overweight children. They have highlighted that the adjustment enable pupils to be more successful, which has a direct positive influence on their self-esteem. In addition, goals are more achievable. Most teachers have a similar opinion on the usefulness of the manual. They emphasize that it is useful, understandable and detailed.
Sekundarne ključne besede: physical education;primary education;športna vzgoja;osnovnošolski pouk;
Vrsta datoteke: application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje na razredni stopnji
Strani: 103 str.
ID: 10889013