Uspešnost delovanja sistema ravnanja z odpadki iz zdravstva v veliki bolnišnici

magistrsko delo

Saša Jazbinšek (Avtor), Matic Kavčič (Recenzent), Barbara Domajnko (Mentor), Nevenka Ferfila (Komentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: Pravilno ravnanje z odpadki je pomemben dejavnik varovanja okolja in zdravja. Pomembno je, da vsi zaposleni v zdravstvenih ustanovah razumejo in sprejmejo pravila ravnanja z odpadki. Namen: Namen raziskave je predstaviti in opisati model ravnanja z odpadki iz zdravstva v UKCL in preveriti uspešnost delovanja sistema ravnanja z odpadki z oceno ravnanja zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi ter ugotoviti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pravilno ali nepravilno ravnanje z odpadki pri posamezniku. Hkrati želimo ugotoviti odnos zaposlenih do ločevanja odpadkov ter njihovo razumevanje in upoštevanje navodil za pravilno ravnanje z odpadki, ki nastajajo v procesu zdravstvene nege v UKCL. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu smo na podlagi pregleda literature predstavili stanje ravnanja z odpadki iz zdravstva. V empiričnem delu smo uporabili dve metodi: pregled vsebine zbiralnikov odpadkov in kvalitativno raziskavo. Pregled vsebine zbiralnikov smo izvedli na 5-ih kliničnih oddelkih UKCL, ki so bili namensko izbrani na podlagi največje količine proizvedenih infektivnih odpadkov na bolniško posteljo na dan, v letu 2015. Podatke za kvalitativno analizo smo dobili s pomočjo pol-strukturiranih intervjujev. Vprašanja za intervju so bila pripravljena na podlagi podatkov pridobljenih s pregledom literature o učinkovitosti in uspešnosti postopkov ločevanja odpadkov. V intervjuje smo vključili štirinajst zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi, in sicer po dva eksperta iz posameznega oddelka (glavna medicinska sestra in higienik) ter po pet naključno izbranih zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi na posameznem oddelku. Rezultati: Rezultati pregleda vsebine zbiralnikov odpadkov so pokazali, da je uspešnost ločevanja odpadkov na vseh izbranih oddelkih variirala med 56 -73 %. Rezultati kvalitativne analize pa so nam omogočili prepoznati najpomembnejše dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pravilno ločevanje odpadkov. Ti dejavniki so: navade, ozaveščenost, vzgoja, dostopnost prostorov, možnost ločevanja, čas, kriteriji opredelitve odpadka, neznanje, novosti, avtomatizem, brezbrižnost, pomanjkanje nadzora in vpliv drugih oseb. Razprava in sklep: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da zaposleni, ki so bili vključeni v raziskavo poznajo in upoštevajo navodila za ravnanje z odpadki v UKCL. Vendar pa zaradi prisotnosti določenih dejavnikov prihaja do nepravilnega ločevanja odpadkov. Da bi bila učinkovitost ločevanja odpadkov še večja, smo na podlagi ugotovitev pripravili priporočila za izboljšanje sistema ločevanja odpadkov v UKCL.

Ključne besede

magistrska dela;sanitarno inženirstvo;odpadki;odpadki iz zdravstva;ravnanje z odpadki;pravilno ločevanje odpadkov;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik:	[S. Jazbinšek]
UDK:	614
COBISS:	5343851
Št. ogledov:	2003
Št. prenosov:	1193
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	ǂThe ǂoperation efficiency of the healthcare waste management system in a big hospital
Sekundarni povzetek:	The correct waste management is a key factor in health and environment protection. It is essential that all employees in healthcare institutions understand and accept the rules of waste management. Aim: The aim of the research was to present and describe the model of healthcare waste management in University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL). Furthermore, we wanted to test the operation efficiency of waste management system taking into account the evaluation of employees’ waste management in health care, and, additionally, to determine the factors, which influence the correct or incorrect waste management in an individual. We also wanted to assess the attitude of employees toward waste separation and their understanding and implementation of instructions for correct management of waste, produced during the process of health care in UMCL. Work methods: In theoretical part, we have presented the status of healthcare waste management based on literature review. In empirical part, we have used two different methods: inspection of the contents of waste containers and qualitative research. We have carried out the inspection of the contents of waste containers in five medical departments of UMCL, which were purposively based on the largest quantity of produced infectious wastes per patient bed per day in 2015. We have obtained the data for qualitative analysis by performing semi-structured interviews. The questions for interviews were prepared based on data gathered with the inspection of the efficiency and successfulness of waste separation procedures. We have interviewed fourteen healthcare employees, namely two experts from individual department (head nurse and a hygienist) and five randomly selected nurses from each department. Results: The results of the inspection of the contents of waste containers have shown that the efficiency of waste separation has varried between 56-73 % in all selected departments. The results of qualitative analysis have enabled us to recognize the most important factors, which influence the correct waste separation. These factors include the following: habits, raised awareness, upbringing, room accessibility, possibility of separation, time, waste definition criteria, ignorance, novelties, automatism, carelessness, lack of control and influence of other persons. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research shows that employees who were involved in the research knows and follows the waste management instructions in UMCL. However, the presence of certain factors leads to incorrect separation of waste. Based on the findings in this research and in order to make better waste separation, we prepared recommendations for improving the waste separation system in the UMCL.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	master's theses;sanitary engineering;wadte;healthcare waste;waste management;correct waste separation;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za sanitarno inženirstvo
Strani:	88 str., [8] str. pril.
ID:	10910873