Mednarodno sodelovanje pri patentnih aktivnostih

magistrsko delo

Leon Ritovšek (Avtor), Jani Bekő (Mentor)

Povzetek

V sodobnem času prihaja do vse močnejše krepitve družbeno-ekonomskih vezi. K stopnjevanju mednarodnega povezovanja in ekonomske blaginje veliko pripomore tehnološki razvoj. Temelj za njegovo spodbujanje med drugim predstavlja zaščita pravic intelektualne lastnine. Pomemben del intelektualne lastnine predstavljajo patenti, saj spodbujajo tehnično ustvarjalnost. V tem kontekstu raziskujemo mednarodno sodelovanje na področju patentov. Pri tem opazujemo čezmejne patente na podlagi podatkov patentnih prijav za približno tri desetletja. Kot prvo ugotavljamo, da je na dolgi rok naraščal delež čezmejnih patentov s soizumitelji, ki prihajajo iz različnih držav; naraščal je tudi delež vseh tistih čezmejnih patentov, pri katerih pripadajoči prijavitelji in izumitelji prihajajo iz različnih držav. To odražajo naraščajoče vrednosti indikatorjev IDIF in ADIF oz. IDAF v opazovanem obdobju na ravni EU-28 in na globalni ravni. Kot drugo ugotavljamo, da mednarodno sodelovanje pri patentnih aktivnostih v večji meri odraža čezmejno lastništvo patentov, kot to odraža čezmejno sodelovanje med samimi izumitelji. To je razvidno iz relativno visokih vrednosti indikatorjev ADIF oz. IDAF in po drugi strani iz nekoliko nižjih vrednosti indikatorja IDIF v celotnem opazovanem obdobju na globalni ravni. Kot tretje ugotavljamo, da so nekatere države, ki v preteklosti niso beležile koncentracije čezmejnega lastništva patentov, z leti to koncentracijo občutno povečale. Po drugi strani pa večina visoko razvitih držav, ki so sprva beležile zelo visoko koncentracijo čezmejnega lastništva patentov, ni ohranila tako izrazite koncentracije skozi celotno opazovano obdobje. To smo preverili z analizo patentnih prijav na Evropski patentni urad na podlagi 16 izbranih visoko razvitih držav. Uporabili smo sekundarne podatke iz elektronske baze OECD za razpoložljiva tri desetletja. Na podlagi teh podatkov smo razvili koeficient koncentracije čezmejnega lastništva patentov, ki ga računamo kot razmerje ADIF / IDAF za vsako posamezno leto v okviru vsake izbrane države. Nato smo prikazali vrednosti tega koeficienta skozi celotno obdobje za vsako izbrano državo. Na ta način smo lahko na dolgi rok primerjali gibanja koeficientov med opazovanimi državami. Ugotavljamo, da nabor držav, ki beležijo koncentracijo čezmejnega lastništva patentov, na dolgi rok ni enak, saj se spreminja in s časom nekoliko povečuje. Prav tako sklepamo, da se za (visoko razvite) države v splošnem stežka prognozira pripadajoča gibanja tovrstne koncentracije zgolj na osnovi makroekonomskih podatkov. Vrednosti koeficienta koncentracije čezmejnega lastništva patentov na državni ravni očitno odraža tudi sklop številnih mikroekonomskih in panožnih dejavnikov, saj se vsak posamezen ekonomski subjekt pri svojem delovanju srečuje z drugačnimi okoliščinami.

Ključne besede

intelektualna lastnina;patenti;izumi;licence;zaščita;tehnološki razvoj;globalizacija;konkurenčno pravo;mednarodno sodelovanje;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2018
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	[L. Ritovšek]
UDK:	347.77:339(043.2)
COBISS:	13072668
Št. ogledov:	741
Št. prenosov:	92
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	International cooperation in patent activities
Sekundarni povzetek:	Socio-economic ties have become increasingly strong in the modern age. Technological development markedly contributes to the various kinds of ever closer international integration. Protection of intellectual property rights serves as one of the cornerstones for its enhancement. Among other things, patents are an important part of intellectual property as they promote technical creativity. In this context, we explore international cooperation in the field of patents. In doing so, we observe cross-border patents based on patent applications data for about three decades. Firstly, we find that in the long run the share of cross-border patents with co-inventor(s) coming from different countries has increased. Likewise, the share of cross-border patents with corresponding applicants and inventors coming from different countries has increased as well. These phenomena are reflected in increasing values of the indicators IDIF, ADIF or IDAF respectively during the observation period at the EU-28 level and at the global level. Secondly, we note that international patent cooperation is reflected by cross-border patent ownership to a greater extent than by cross-border cooperation among inventors themselves. This is evident from the relatively high values of indicators ADIF or IDAF respectively, and the relatively low values of indicator IDIF throughout the entire observation period at the global level. Thirdly, we find that in some observed countries which initially had not encountered cross-border patent ownership concentration, such concentration increased significantly in the subsequent years. On the other hand, we find that selected highly developed countries which had initially experienced intense cross-border patent ownership concentration mostly did not maintain such intense concentration through the entire observation period. This was verified by the patent analysis for 16 selected highly developed countries based on patent applications at the European Patent Office. Secondary data from the electronic database of the OECD available for three decades have been used. Based on these data, the coefficient of cross-border patent ownership concentration has been developed which is calculated as the ratio ADIF / IDAF for each year within individual countries. Thereafter, we showed the values of mentioned coefficients throughout the entire observation period for each selected country. In this way, we were able to compare the long-term coefficient movements (trends) between observed countries. We find that the range of countries recording cross-border patent ownership is not the same in the long run, as it changes and slightly increases with time. We also claim that in general, the trends of mentioned ownership concentration for (highly developed) countries can hardly be predicted in the long run based on macroeconomic data alone. The values of corresponding coefficient at national level are apparently reflected also by a number of microeconomic and sectoral factors, since each individual economic entity faces its own distinct circumstances.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	cross-border patent;patent protection;invention;licensing;intellectual property;European competition law;technological development;globalization;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	IV, 159 str., 11 str. pril.
ID:	10942788