Strukturna analiza samomorov v slovenski policiji

doktorska disertacija

Bruno Blažina (Avtor), Peter Umek (Mentor)

Povzetek

Samomor v policiji je v Evropi še vedno tabuizirana tema in dokaj neraziskano področje, ki doslej ni bilo podvrženo konkretnejši znanstveni analizi, kot je na primer področje samomorilnosti v varnostnih organih že desetletja podrobno proučevano v ZDA, na podlagi izsledkov pa pripravljeni ustrezni odzivi in preventivni ukrepi. Policisti v Evropi in njihove policijske organizacije so še vedno podvrženi različnim predsodkom, izvirajočim iz policijske subkulture, ki je večinoma povsod po svetu zelo podobna. Policisti in njihovi vodje imajo policista za posameznika, ki je nadpovprečno hraber in pošten, ki sam rešuje svoje težave in ne potrebuje drugih oseb, da bi jim morebiti zaupal svoje težave. Izražanje stiske, preveč emocionalno odzivanje in izkazovanje čustev niso zaželeni, psihične motnje ali celo bolezen pa so sramota. Prav tako je sramotno iskanje strokovne pomoči v primeru stiske in psihičnih težav, ki je velikokrat celo na nek način sankcionirano z omalovaževanjem takega posameznika kot slabiča ali »motene« osebe, nesposobne opravljati odgovorne policijske naloge ter nošenja in rokovanja s službenim orožjem. Namen raziskave samomorov v slovenski policiji je bil proučiti skupne komponente in ugotovitve več ločenih raziskav in izvesti skupen sklep, na podlagi katerega bi laže in potrjeno dognali vzroke in skupne značilnosti samomorov v slovenski policiji in policiji kot stanovski organizaciji nasploh. Raziskovalno nalogo smo razdelili na teoretični in empirični del ter povzeli skupne ugotovitve posameznih analiz, ki smo jih primerjali med seboj. Na koncu smo pripravili sklepne misli s priporočili za izboljšanje stanja na področju boja proti samomorilnosti v policiji. Teoretični del obsega splošne doslej znane značilnosti in vrste samomora skozi zgodovino ter gibanje na področju samomorilnosti v državah Evropske unije in širše. Predstavimo tudi dosedanje že izvedene analize na temo samomorov v policiji primerljivih držav in slovenski policiji, saj so bili podatki doslej že proučevani v diplomskih nalogah diplomantov Fakultete za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru in Medicinske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Še posebej podrobno predstavimo področje pojava samomorilnosti v avstrijski policiji ter izvedemo primerjavo s podatki o samomorilnosti v slovenski policiji. Obenem primerjamo način izvedbe psihološkega presejevanja kandidatov za policiste obeh policij in izpeljemo zaključke, ki kažejo, da je ogroženost zaradi samomorilnosti v slovenski policiji manjša od tiste v avstrijski policiji in policiji drugih primerljivih držav, da pa bi veljalo izboljšati sistem presejevanja kandidatov za policiste po vzoru avstrijskega modela. Podrobno predstavimo tudi izvedene teoretične osnove znanstvenih analiz, opravljenih na Psihiatrični kliniki Ljubljana v času po drugi svetovni vojni in po osamosvojitvi, in ugotovimo, da je trend samomorilnosti med slovensko splošno populacijo in med slovenskimi policisti podoben ter da se glede vzrokov, znanih indikatorjev in ugotovitve glede »kritične« in najbolj ogrožene skupine posameznikov podatki iz ugotovitve izvedenih študij deloma prekrivajo. V empiričnem delu izvedemo primerjavo podatkov, pridobljenih v že izvedenih podobnih analizah samomorilnosti med splošno populacijo v Republiki Sloveniji, in rezultatov analiz raziskav, ki smo jih izvedli med policijsko populacijo v Republiki Sloveniji. Nekaj analiz je bilo opravljenih tudi s pomočjo zgodovinskega gradiva, ki smo ga na podlagi dovoljenja Arhivske komisije RS zbrali v Arhivu RS v Ljubljani. Pri zbiranju podatkov smo uporabili statistične podatke Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije, podatke Evropskega statističnega urada EUROSTAT, podatke, pridobljene v Statistični upravi RS (SURS), na Inštitutu za varovanje zdravja (IVZ) oziroma Nacionalnem inštitutu za javno zdravje (NIJZ), Ministrstvu za notranje zadeve (MNZ) in Policiji ter v Arhivu Republike Slovenije.

Ključne besede

samomori;osebnostne lastnosti;socialni dejavniki;policija;policisti;policijska subkultura;disertacije;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2018
Tipologija:	2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[B. Blažina]
UDK:	616.89-008.441.44:351.74(497.4)(043.3)
COBISS:	3572970
Št. ogledov:	1507
Št. prenosov:	159
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Structural Analysis of Suicide in Slovenian Police
Sekundarni povzetek:	Suicide among police officers in Europe is still very much a taboo, an insufficiently researched topic that has yet to be the subject of a separate in-depth scientific analysis. Unlike Europe, the USA has for decades been conducting detailed studies on suicide rate among law enforcement personnel and using results of such studies to prepare the needed responses and preventive measures. European police officers and police organizations still have to deal with deep-rooted preconceived ideas and prejudices deriving from police subculture, which in most cases is similar all over the world. Such police subculture in the eyes of police officers and their superiors perceives a policeman as an individual who is courageous and honest above average level, who solves his own problems and has no need for other people to confide in. Distress, emotional over-sensitivity and expression of feelings are not welcomed, and mental disorder or illness are even considered shameful. Seeking professional help to deal with a distress or a psychological issue is regarded as shameful and a help-seeking police officer is often discredited as a weak or a “disturbed” person, incapable of performing the responsible task of being a police officer and carrying and handling a weapon. The purpose of this research into suicide in the Slovenian Police was to study common components and findings of several separate studies and draw a conclusion that would enable us to identify the causes and common characteristics of suicide among Slovenian police officers and in the police forces in general. The thesis is divided into two parts; theoretical and empirical part. At the end, there is a summary of common research findings and comparison between them. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations on how to improve the current situation in the field of police suicide prevention. Theoretical part includes information on the known characteristics and types of suicide, and on the suicide rates in the EU Member States and beyond. Also presented is police suicide research conducted so far in comparable countries and in the Slovenian Police. Such data has already been researched in their diplomas by the graduates of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, and by those of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana. Special emphasis is placed on the phenomena of police suicide in Austria which is compared to the data on police suicide in the Slovenian Police. The methods of psychological selection of candidates for police officers in both countries are compared as well, drawing a conclusion that suicide risk among the police officers in Slovenia is lower than that among their Austrian colleagues or those serving in comparable states. However, our system of selecting candidates could be improved, using the Austrian system as a model.Also discussed in the thesis are theoretical basics of scientific analyses,conducted at the Ljubljana Psychiatric Clinic during post-war era and after Slovenia gained its independence in 1991. It was discovered that suicide trends among the general population of Slovenians and among the Slovenian police officers are similar, and that the results of suicide-related studies partly overlap in terms of the reasons for committing suicide, its indicators and the targeting of the most “critical” group of individuals. In the empirical part of the thesis, data from the already conducted studies on suicide among the general population in Slovenia is compared to research results on that topic obtained among the police population in Slovenia. Some of the analyses were conducted using historical records that are kept at the Archives of RS and made available only by permission of the Archival Commission of the RS.When collecting data, we made use of statistical data of the World Health Organization,EUROSTAT (EU statistical office), the Statistical Office of RS, the National Institute of Public Health, the Archives and Police
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Suicide;personality;police;social factors;police subculture.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Doktorsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	XXI, 222 str.
ID:	10949357