Operacije OZN za ohranjanje miru

diplomsko delo

David Božič (Avtor), Matjaž Tratnik (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomskem delu sem predstavil operacije Organizacije združenih narodov (OZN) s katerimi se zagotavlja mednarodni mir in varnost (Peacekeeping Operations). Mirovne operacije niso samo ena izmed aktivnosti, ki jih OZN opravlja, ampak so aktivnost, ki jih OZN simbolizira. Skozi zgodovino so Združeni narodi razvili posebne postopke za vzdrževanje miru v svetu, ki so postali znani pod imenom mirovne operacije. OZN mirovne operacije razume predvsem kot aktivnosti, ki jih v podporo miru pokrivata dva oddelka znotraj sekretariata OZN: Oddelek za operacije za ohranjanje miru (Department for Peacekeeping Operations – DPKO) in Oddelek za politične zadeve (Department of Political Affairs – DPA). Slednje so praviloma manjšega obsega in ne vsebujejo nujno tudi vojaške komponente. Danes operacije za ohranjanje miru pogosto opuščajo svoja načela, posledično pa je tudi meja med obema vrstama čedalje bolj zabrisana. Pregled nad najpomembnejšimi značilnostmi mirovnih operacij največ polemik in razpravljanj odpira predvsem vprašanje o uporabi sile – zakonitost akcij je večkrat vprašljiva. Varnostni svet OZN se lahko različno odzove glede na razmere. Prisilne ukrepe ima na voljo v VII. poglavju Ustanovne listine OZN in na tem temelju lahko Varnostni svet avtorizira uporabo sile. Odločitev, ali določene razmere pomenijo ogrožanje mednarodnega miru in varnosti, je v popolni diskreciji Varnostnega sveta. Organizacija združenih narodov je bila ustanovljena za vzdrževanje miru, danes pa številni konflikti skorajda izsilijo njihovo zatekanje k sili. Zakaj bi zagovarjali strogo prepoved uporabe sile, če je od samega začetka operacije jasno, da ima možnosti za uspeh zavestno sprejeto zatekanje k sili? Izvedba mirovnih operacij zahteva enoznačno določitev agresorja oz. krive strani, proti kateri mednarodna skupnost nato uporabi naostrejše ukrepe, v konfliktih pa je krivca zaradi kompleksnosti in prepletenosti dejavnikov pogosto težko definirati.

Ključne besede

Organizacija združenih narodov;Varnostni svet;mirovne operacije;uporaba sile;mednarodni mir in varnost;mednarodno pravo;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2018
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[D. Božič]
UDK:	341.123(043.3)
COBISS:	5637163
Št. ogledov:	943
Št. prenosov:	155
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	UN Peacekeeping Operations
Sekundarni povzetek:	In my diploma thesis, I presented the United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping operations, which ensure international peace and security. Peacekeeping operations are not only one of the activities that the UN is involved in, but the activity that the UN symbolizes. Throughout history, the United Nations has developed special procedures for maintaining world peace that have become known as Peacekeeping operations. The UN understands Peacekeeping operations in particular as activites that are supported by two departments within the UN Secretariat: the Department for Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Department of Political Affairs (DPA). The latter are usually of a smaller scale and necessarily doesn't include military components. Today peacekeeping operations often abandon/deviate from their principles and as a result, the border between the two is increasingly blurred. An overview of the most important characteristics of Peacekeeping operations that are most controversial and debatable issue of the question is the use of force – the legality of this actions has often been questioned. The UN Security Council can react differently according to the situation, the coercive measures are available in Chapter VII. of the UN Charter. Based on Chapter VII. the Security Council may authorize the use of force. The determination of whether a certain situations constitute a threat to international peace and security is at sole discretion of the Security Council. The United Nations was founded to maintain peace, but today many conflicts almost demand their use. Why would we advocate a strictly ban the use of force? If from the very beginning of the operation, it is clear that the potential for success is consciously accepted to use force? The execution of the operation requires to determine the aggressor or which side is to blame, against which the international community then uses the harsest measures, when in conflicts, it is often difficult to determine the culprit because of the complexity and intertwining of factors.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	United Nations;Security Council;Peacekeeping operations;Use of force;International peace and security;International law;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	22 f + pril.
ID:	10954499