Biološka predobdelava lignoceluloznih materialov z glivami bele trohnobe

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Jasna Cizl (Avtor), Lidija Čuček (Mentor), Maša Islamčević Razboršek (Komentor), Franc Pohleven (Komentor)

Povzetek

Namen raziskave je bil izvesti predobdelavo piščančjega gnoja z nastiljem, ki je iz mešanice slame in žagovine. Za izboljšanje razmerja C/N smo mešanici piščančjega gnoja z nastiljem dodali še slamo v razmerjih 80:20 in 60:40 (razen mešanice 100:0, ki je brez dodane slame). Predobdelavo smo izvedli z dvema glivama bele trohnobe in sicer z osmojeno bjerkandero (Bjerkándera adústa (BJA)) in z zimsko panjevko (Flammulina velutipes (FL)) ter preko produktov razgradnje spremljali proces glivne predobdelave. Tekom raziskave smo merili količino sproščenega CO₂ v različnih z glivo predobdelanih mešanicah pri različnih časih predobdelave in različnih razmerjih gnoja in slame. Pri dobro preraščenih mešanicah smo spremljali tudi deleže lignina, ogljikovih hidratov ter ekstrahiranega materiala. Ker je v literaturi navedeno, da glive razgradijo lignocelulozo v monosaharide glukozo, ksilozo, manozo, galaktozo, ramnozo in arabinozo, smo ugotavljali še prisotnost monosaharidov. To smo ugotavljali za preraščen nehidroliziran in hidroliziran material z glivo BJA. Za spremljanje količine sproščenega CO₂ in porabljenega kisika smo uporabili CO₂ in O₂ senzorja in plinski kromatograf. Ugotovili smo, da se CO₂ sprošča, vendar je bilo preraščanje gliv neenakomerno, zato je bilo neenakomeeno tudi sproščanje CO₂. Več CO₂ se sprošča pri glivi BJA, ki je tudi bolje preraščala material. Najboljša preraščenost substratov je bila pri mešanici z razmerjem 60:40. Glivi sta preraščali tudi mešanice brez dodatka slame (mešanica 100:0), vendar precej slabše. Količina lignina se zmanjšuje s časom preraščanja, ker glive razkrajajo lignin, delež ogljikovih hidratov pa se povečuje. Z metodo GC-MS nismo uspeli dokazati, da bi glive razgradile lignocelulozo v monosaharide oz. je bila prisotnost monosaharidov pod mejo zaznave za analizo s tako metodo.

Ključne besede

lignocelulozni materiali;predobdelava;glive bele trohnobe;proizvodnja CO2;monosaharidi;količina lignina;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2018
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Založnik:	[J. Cizl]
UDK:	[606:628.4]:547.458.84(043.2)
COBISS:	21981718
Št. ogledov:	659
Št. prenosov:	85
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials with white rot fungi
Sekundarni povzetek:	The purpose of the study was to carry out pre-treatment of chicken manure with bedding which is from a mixture of straw and sawdust. In order to improve the C/N ratio, straw has been added to the mixture of chicken manure with bedding in ratios 80:20 and 60:40 (except 100:0 mixture, which was without added straw). Pre-treatment was carried out with two types of white rot fungi, Bjerkandera adusta (BJA), commonly known as the smoky polypore or smoky bracket and Flammulina velutipes (FL), also known by the name golden needle mushroom, futu mushroom or lily mushroom. Throughout the study, the amounts of CO₂ released was measured in various fungus pre-treated mixtures at different pre-treatment times and with various proportions of manure and straw. In well-overgrown mixtures by fungi, the proportions of lignin, carbohydrates and extracted material were monitored. As it is stated in the literature that fungi degrade lignocelluloses into monosaccharides glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, ramnose and arabinose, the presence of monosaccharides was also monitored for non-hydrolysed and hydrolysed material overgrown by fungus BJA. To monitor the amounts of released CO₂ and consumed oxygen, CO₂ and O₂ sensors and a gas chromatograph were used. It was discovered that CO₂ was released, but the growth of fungi was uneven, and consequently also the production of CO₂ was uneven. More CO₂ was released by the BJA fungus, which has overgrown the material better. The best fungal overgrowth of the substrate was for a mixture with a ratio of 60:40. The fungi grew also over mixtures which had no addition of straw (mixture 100: 0), but much worse than for mixtures with addition of straw. The amount of lignin was decreased with the time of overgrowth because the fungi decompose lignin, while the proportion of carbohydrates has increased. Using the GC-MS method, the proof that fungi would degrade lignocelluloses into monosaccharides was not successful or the presence of monosaccharides was below the detection limit for analysis with such method.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	lignocellulosic material;pre-treatment;white rot fungi;CO2 production;production;monosaccharides;amount of lignin;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Strani:	XII, 48 str.
ID:	10959592