Primerjava organiziranega kriminala v Italiji in na Japonskem

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Larisa Korošec (Avtor), Igor Lamberger (Mentor)

Povzetek

V Italiji je nastalo več različnih oblik organiziranih kriminalnih združb. Vse so zelo razvejane in razširjene po vsem svetu, največja med njimi pa je camorra. Na Japonskem, ki sicer velja za eno izmed najvarnejših držav, pa deluje jakuza, največja in najmočnejša kriminalna združba na svetu. Kriminalne združbe, kot jih poznamo danes, sprva niso bile tako dobro organizirane. Njihove začetke predstavljajo tolpe upornikov in tatovi, ki so običajno delovali posamezno in nepovezano. Kasneje, z razvojem družbe in držav, pa so se razvijale tudi kriminalne združbe, ki so postale vedno bolj povezane, organizirane in strukturirane. Osnovo vsake kriminalne združbe predstavlja družina, ki jo vodi šef in lahko ima strogo hierarhično ali pa bolj prožno strukturo. Družine lahko temeljijo na krvnem sorodstvu, ni pa nujno. Ponekod velja institut posvojitve. V vsaki družini velja za najpomembnejšo vrlino zvestoba, izdajo strogo kaznujejo z izgonom ali pa celo s smrtjo. Pripadniki kriminalnih združb morajo ponotranjiti in upoštevati določene običaje in pravila. V Italiji za star mafijski običaj, ki izraža največje spoštovanje, velja poljubljanje rok. Na Japonskem pa se poslužujejo bolj ekstremnih običajev. Tam, si za izkazovanje zvestobe vodji, sekajo zgornje členke mezincev. Najstrožje pravilo, ki ga morajo upoštevati člani vseh kriminalnih združb pa je zakon molčečnosti (omerta). Tudi pri sprejemanju novih pripadnikov v združbo, se poslužujejo določenih običajev in obredov. Na Japonskem je to izmenjava čaš sakeja in tetoviranje celega telesa, v Italiji pa pungitura. Ti obredi imajo običajno tudi religiozno vsebino. Kriminalne združbe se ne ukvarjajo samo z ilegalno dejavnostjo, temveč tudi z legalno. S slednjo namreč lahko perejo nezakonito pridobljen denar in zabrišejo sledi svojega ilegalnega delovanja. Izmed ilegalnih dejavnosti je najbolj dobičkonosna trgovina z drogo, sledita ji izsiljevanje ter vodenje in nadzor iger na srečo. Najbolj okrutna dejavnost s katero se ukvarjajo kriminalne združbe pa je trgovina z ljudmi. Vpletenost kriminalnih združb v politiko, sodstvo in policijo danes ni več skrivnost. Predstavlja pa veliko oviro pri boju zoper organizirani kriminal. Ponekod so se tako infiltrirale v sam vrh države, da jih označujejo kot dodatno vejo oblasti.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;organizirani kriminal;organizirana kriminalna združba;mafija;camorra;jakuza;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2018
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[L. Korošec]
UDK:	343.341(450)(520)(043.2)
COBISS:	3604202
Št. ogledov:	627
Št. prenosov:	152
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Comparison of organized crime in Italy and Japan
Sekundarni povzetek:	Various forms of organized criminal groups were formed in Italy. They are all very scattered and spread all over the world. The largest among them is Camorra. Japan, which is considered as one of the safest countries, is the home of the largest and most powerful criminal group, the Yakuza. Criminal groups, as we know them today, were initially not so well organized. They started out like gangs of rebels or thieves, who usually acted individually and unrelatedly. Later, with the development of society and countries, criminal groups also developed. They became increasingly connected, organized and structured. A family represents the basis of each criminal group. The family is led by a boss and can have a strictly hierarchical or a more flexible structure. These families can be based on blood relatives, but not necessarily. Some also practice the institute of adoption. The most important virtue in every family is faithfulness. Treachery is severely punished by expulsion or even death. Members of criminal groups must internalize and follow certain customs and rules. An old mafia custom in Italy, is to kiss one's hand, which expresses utmost respect. Meanwhile in Japan, more extreme customs are used. To display loyalty, a portion of the pinky finger above the top knuckle is cut off. The strictest rule, that the members of criminal groups must obey, is the law omerta. Even when accepting new members in a criminal group, they use certain customs and rituals. In Japan an exchange of cups of sake and tattooing of the entire body represents the ritual of accepting a new member. In Italy they use the ritual called pungitura. Usually these rituals also have religious content. Criminal groups do not engage only in illegal activity, but also with a legal act. With the latter, they can launder illegally acquired money and blur the traces of their illegal activities. Among the illegal activities, the most profitable is drug trafficking, followed by extortion and the management of games of chance. The most cruel activity of all criminal groups represents human trafficking. The involvement of criminal groups in politics, the judiciary and the police is no longer a secret. It represents a major obstacle in fighting against organized crime. In some cases they have infiltrated in the country's highest government, so they identify them as an additional authority branch.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	organized crime;organized criminal group;mafia;Camorra;Yakuza;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	V, 46 str.
ID:	10977065